BCHM 10000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 25: Fetal Hemoglobin, Anemia, Heterotetramer
27 Jun 2018
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Slide 1
Antibiotic resistance
•Sir Alexander Fleming
– Nobel Prize 1945 along with Ernst
B. Chain and Sir Howard Florey
•in 1928 observed that mould had
developed accidently on a
staphylococcus culture plate
•the mould created a bacteria-free
circle around itself.
•found that a mould culture
prevented growth of staphylococci,
even when diluted 800 times.
• named the active substance
penicillin.
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/
BCHM 100 Weeks 12 -14
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Slide 2
• What enzyme had Fleming discovered earlier in his career?
• What species of mould had populated Fleming’s bacterial plates?
• What units did Florey and Chain use to measure penicillin?
• What experiments showed that penicillin could safely be used to treat
humans?
• When were the first experiments with penicillin and human patients
published?
• Why do you think all three of these scientists were awarded the Nobel
Prize?
http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1945/
BCHM 100 Weeks 12 -14
Lysozyme
Penicillon
Oxford unit
Injected them into mice
1941
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Slide 3
Antibiotic resistance
• Prior to penicillin, very few
treatments for bacterial infections
were available
BCHM 100 Weeks 12 -14
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
1941: why do you think all three of these scientists were awarded the nobel. Antibiotic resistance: prior to penicillin, very few treatments for bacterial infections were available. Antibiotic resistance: today, antibiotics with many different targets are known, but few new antibiotics have been discovered in the last twenty years! Antibiotic resistance: a number of penicillin-like compounds are available that have differing chemical structures, these compounds all share a beta-lactam ring penicillin g ampicillin. Antibiotic resistance: penicillin and related compounds are inhibitors of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis, primary targets are gram positive bacteria. Antibiotic resistance: penicillin and related compounds are inhibitors of bacterial cell wall biosynthesis. Antibiotic resistance: bacteria can become resistant to penicillin by acquiring the gene that encodes beta-lactamase, a secreted enzyme. Antibiotic resistance: clavulanic acid is a suicide inhibitor of beta-lactamase, bacterial strains that are resistant to penicillin because they make beta- lactamase can be killed by treatment with penicillin and clavulanic acid penicillin g clavulanic acid.
