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BIOS 1700 Lecture Notes - Lecture 35: Punnett Square, Product Rule, Gamete

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maroonwildebeest489

6 Dec 2016

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Ohio University

Department

Biological Sciences

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Professor

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Document Summary

Inheritance of two different, contrasting traits: two different genes. Trait 1: seed color (yellow or green) Trait 2: seed shape (round or wrinkled: p generation = yellow, wrinkled x green, round, f1 generation = all yellow and round. Interpretation: yellow is dominant; round is dominant: f1 x f1 > f2. F1 creates f2 by self-fertilization: f2 generation has the following phenotypes: 50% (1/2) of gametes have a with b. Thursday, november 17, 2016: 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 = 25% of gametes have ab. 1/2 x 1/2 = 1/4 = 25% of gametes have ab. This is the same with ab and ab: the ratio of the f2 generation is 9:3:3:1, 9 yellow round, 3 yellow wrinkled, 3 green round, 1 green wrinkled. These are found using the product rule. This will be true for all heterozygous self-fertilizations of the f1 generation.

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Related Questions

1.A homozygous pea plant with yellow and round phenotypes is crossed to a homozygous green and wrinkled pea plant (yellow and round is dominant over green and wrinkled).

A) Parental Genotype

B) Potential Parental gametes

C) F1 Genotypes

D) F1 Phenotypes

2. Then the F1 generation is then self crossed to obtain an F2 generation

A) Write out all the potential F1 parental gametes

B) What fraction of the offspring will be green and wrinkled

C) What fraction of the offspring will be heterozygotes for both traits

1. Ifa species of flower has the allele R (red) which is incompletelydominant to the allele r (white) what color is the genotype of anindividual with a red flower? Choose as many as areappropriate. (Points: 2) RR
Rr
rr
R
r

2. A gene can be defined as... (Points :2)

alternateforms of the DNA for a trait
geneticcombination that determines the observable form of a trait
partof the DNA that codes for a specific protein
theobservable form of a trait

3. A homozygote is an individual in which(Points : 2)

allelesof the gene pair are different
allelesof the gene pair are identical
genesare homolgous
traitsare passed from parents to progeny

4. Which of the following might be aphenotype? (Points : 2)

A
Aa
pinkflowers
AaDd

5. What does "F2 generation" refer to? (Points: 2)

theparents
theoffspring of the parental generation
theoffspring of crossing the F1 generation with itself
theoffspring of crossing the F1 generation with the parentalgeneration

6. Which of the following genotypes isheterozygous? (Points : 2)

7. Which statement best describes a dominantallele? (Points : 2)

theallele expressed in the homozygote
theallele expressed in the heterozygote
theallele that is most common in the population
theallele that is lethal

8. In a monohybrid cross, if genotype AA iscrossed with genotype aa what will the ratio of genotypes be?(Points : 2)

0AA:1 Aa:0 aa
1AA:2 Aa:1 aa
1AA: 1 aa
1AA:1 Aa:1 aa

9. Leaf color is controlled by 2 alleles whereA (green) is dominant to a (yellow). Leaf shape is controlled by 2alleles where B (round) is dominant to b (heart-shaped). If oneparent's genotype is AABB what is its phenotype? (Points : 2)

green,round leaves
green,heart-shaped leaves
yellow,round leaves
yellow,heart-shaped leaves

10. Leaf color is controlled by 2 alleleswhere A (green) is dominant to a (yellow). Leaf shape is controlledby 2 alleles where B (round) is dominant to b (heart-shaped). Ifthe genotype AaBb is crossed with the genotype AaBb what will theratio of phenotypes be? (Points : 3)

1green, round: 1 green, heart: 1 yellow, round: 1 yellow,heart
1green, round: 2 green , heart: 2 yellow, round: 1 yellow,heart
9green, round: 3 green, heart: 3 yellow, round: 1 yellow,heart
9AABB: 3 Aabb: 3 aaBb: 1 aabb

yellowbutterfly55

Problem A. You cross two homozygous parents: RRYY (round yellow) and rryy (wrinkled green) to produce an F1 generation. Round seeds are dominant, yellow seeds are dominant. You cross two F1s to produce the F2 generation. In the F2 generation, you find an individual with round yellow seeds. You do a testcross to find out the genotype of this âmysteryâ dominant/dominant phenotype. In the offspring of the cross, you find 1?2 have round yellow seeds and 1?2 have wrinkled yellow seeds.

1. Based on these data what was the genotype of the mystery F2?

Problem B. You carry out a dihybrid cross between a red-flowered rose with long pollen grains (A1A1 LL) and a white-flowered rose with round pollen (A2A2 l l). The flower color gene (A) shows incomplete dominance, and long pollen is completely dominant to round pollen. The genes for these traits are on different chromosomes so assort independently

2. What would be the phenotypes of the F1 generation?

3. What fraction of the F2 generation is expected to have red flowers and long pollen? (As always when traits are independent, what rule can you apply to save time?)

Problem D. In the example of epistasis presented in class, the agouti allele in mice (A) codes for striped hairs and is dominant to the allele for all black hairs (a). A loss-of-function allele for the pigment gene (b) produces no pigment and is recessive to the normal, dominant allele (B). The recessive allele at b masks the effect of the A gene. A dihybrid cross of AABB and aabb is carried out.

5. Name all of the genotypes in the F2 generation that can produce an albino (no pigment) phenotype.

Problem E. A cross is made between homozygous fruit flies that differ for eye color (the st gene) and

body color (the e gene). The F1 double heterozygote is shown below using chromosome notation.

--------------------------------------

st = the recessive allele for scarlet eyes; st+ = the dominant wildtype allele for red eyes e = the recessive allele for ebony body; e+ is the dominant wildtype allele for gray body

6. Are the chromosomes shown in the genotype above in cis or trans configuration?

7. Based on this notation, what were the genotypes and phenotypes of the two parents of the F1? (Think carefully here...)

8. With what phenotype would you cross this F1 to measure recombination frequency?