EEOB 2520 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Oxidative Phosphorylation, Active Transport, Mitochondrion
29 Apr 2016
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Exam 2- Review
1. Substrate level phosphoryalation- get the Pi from a substrate- IT IS BOUND. ADP + XPi --> ATP. Use by
glycolysis, krebs, creatine in muscle
Oxidative phosphorylation: Pi IS UNBOUND. ADP + Pi --> ATP
electron transport chain- can make free radicals too
Glycolysis
Start= Carbohydrate (glucose)
Biproducts: Pyruvate (anerobic, O2), Lactate (anaerobic, no O2)- this is when we work out and not get
enough oxygen, 2 ATP, H+. Use 2 ATP and get ATP.
Regulate: if have high ATP concenration, do less glycolosis because alsready have a lot and don't want
more, if have high ADP, do more glycoloysis
Location= Cytosol
Krebs
Start= Pyruvate, fats, proteins catabolism
Biproducts= 2 ATP, CO2, H+, coenzymes
Location= Mitochondria
Regulation= same as glycolysis
E transport chain
Start= H+ and coenzymes
Location= Mitochondria
Biproducts= 34 ATP, H20 (or free radicals, when sick), recycled coenzymes ( to be reused in other
processes)
Regulation= regulated by Krebs and Glycolysis, indirectly related to the presence of ATP
Sodium Potassium Pump
• Na+ higher outside
• K+ higher inside
• transporter open to inside at beginning
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• 1. ATP binds to the pump- changes shape to give higher affinity for Na to bind
• 3 Na+ binds
• Hydrolysis of ATP- because NA binds, this can happen,
• Keep Pi - keep some for later on
• Orientation flip (now open to EC)
• Na+ release
• 2 K+ bind
• Pi off( becaue the K+ were binded)
• Orientation Flip
• 2+ K release
• Then do it all again, starting with ATP binding. As long as ATP binds then it will keep going
Everytime something binds to protein, something happens
ATP binds- shape change that increases affinity of sodium so wants to bind, but hten sodium binds and
another shape change which causes ATP to break, when it breaks, another orientation flip
Cotransport: both going into the cell or out of the cell. ex: sodium and glucose from digestive system
Countertransport: Na out and K in. they go in opposite levels
NOTHING TO DO WITH GRADIENT
can happen is both primary and secondary
Only have to do with how cells are moving based on the cell, NOT GRADIENT
Primary- need the ATP to bind, is direct
Use primary also for stored energy- can build it up and then use it for secondary active transport
once have high energy, sodium wants to move with its gradient (go back in) and let glucose go back in
with it
use stored energy to run secondary transport
So during active transport- Na wants to go outside because there is more outside and less inside (against
gradient)- this creates potential energy.
Then, because there is so much energy, we will let some Na back in because that's how its gradient
actually is (high to low, with the gradient) and let glucose in with it
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