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BIOS30344 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Tight Junction, Catecholamine, Cholesterol

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violetcoyote250
7 Dec 2017
School
ND
Department
Biological Sciences
Course
BIOS30344
Professor
Robichaud

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Document Summary

Ex: ldl endocytosis when failing ldl cannot be absorbed and causes build-up. Lumen empty space (down a tube or compartment) Diffuse from blood to cells with target receptors. 2-100 a. a. s - prepropeptide (non specific) to propeptide to peptide (specific) . Cholesterol modification inside gonads and some adrenal gland spots. Tyrosine side- group modification; epi and norepi; adrenals. Two tyrosines and two iodine; thyroid blebs containing colloid for t3 and t4 and c-cells for calcitonin. Made in advance in storage waiting for signal to release by exocytosis. Enzymatically dominated at trigger signals on demand only. Short because of degradation potential in blood as it is unbound - minutes. Membrane receptor no entrance tyrosine kinases or amplifiers. Modify existing proteins rarely production of new. Long because of carrier protein shuttles in blood; balance btw bound and unbound. Cytosolic/nucleic receptor gene expression produce new proteins. 2-3 months at a time to bind to colloid this slows response time a bit.

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Muscle fibers slide smoothly across each other in both directions.

True

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Cell membranes are composed of single layers of fat molecules.

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Question 3

In mammals, the percentage composition of fats and minerals is roughly the same.

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Both RNA and DNA have a double helix structure.

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The primary constituents of muscles are

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the proteins lycine and actin
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the proteins actin and liposine
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the proteins glycine and lycine
e)

the proteins myocin and actin

Question 6

Hydroxyapatite is a component of endoskeletons.

True

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There are thousands of types of amino acids.

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Question 8

Amorphous silicon is a component of some biomaterials.

True

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Question 9

The biosynthesis of both collagen and polysaccharides starts in the cell nucleus.

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Question 10

After going through alkyline hydrolysis, the remaining solids are primarily hydroxyapatite.

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Question 11

Calcium carbonate is a mineral found in some biomaterials.

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Proteins, chitin, and cellulose are build up from proteins

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There are thousands of types of proteins.

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Chitin is the most abundant natural polymer.

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Question 15

Keratin is formed from a structure of living cells.

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Question 16

Some biopolymers are hard.

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Polymeric biomaterials are comprised of collagen and elastin.

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Cell membranes are made of double layers of proteins.

True

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Question 19

Which is NOT an example of a hard biopolymer?

a)Eggs

b)Insect Shells

c)Hooves

d)Nails

e)Cellulose

Question 20

Polysaccharides are built up hierarchically from amino acids.

True

False

Question 21

Unit cells have faces that are

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square
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rectangular
d)

parallelegrams
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circular

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Unit cells are

a)the building blocks of crystalline material

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c)the building blocks of polymers

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Which radioactive semi-metal is the only element with a Simple-Cubic (SC) structure?

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b)Uranium

c)Radium

d)Plutonium

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The common crystal structures in metal are

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b)FCC, BCC, HCP, and SC

c)HCC, BCC, FCP

d)HCC, BCC, FCP and SC

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Diffraction results in

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Unit cell indexing schemes provide

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Question 27

Hexagonal crystal structures cannot be close-packed.

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To determine crystal structure and spacing, scientists use

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Question 29

A scanning probe (aka atomic force) microscope can be used to image and manipulate individual atoms.

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Question 30

Crystal planar density is taken as

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d)the number of equivalent atoms per unit cell

e)the number of atoms per unit length for an axis

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The atomic packing factor represents

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When an elemental solid can have more than one crystal structure, it is said to have

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The crystallographic linear density

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Bragg's law specifies

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Two features of a crystal unit cell structure are

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Imperfections in semiconductors are used to create transistors and other electronic devices.

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The majority of crystalline solids are single crystals

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Question 38

The grain structure of a polycrystalline material can be observed in the material without significant preparation.

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There are three types of electron microscopes, Transmission (TEM), Scanning (SEM), and Tunneling (TUEM).

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Defects are important for solid catalysts

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The mean intercept length is a measure of grain diameter.

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Imperfections in materials do not generally change their properties.

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The mean intercept length is computed from the average length of a grain boundary edge.

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A twin boundary is a linear defect where the screw angles on each side of the boundary are equal.

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The regular pattern of crystal order is disrupted at a grain boundary.

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Solid solutions can only be formed by liquid material cooling to a solid.

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Alloys do not usually have significantly difference properties of the constituent metals.

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When an atom is missing from a crystal structure position, it is referred to as a self-interstitial.

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