BIOS 10161 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Signal Transduction, Reaction Rate Constant, Adenosine
9 Sep 2016
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Document Summary
All cells process information from the environment: the information can be a chemical (hormone) or physical stimulus (light, signals can come from. To respond to a signal, a cell must have a specific receptor to detect it: signal transduction pathway- sequence of events that lead to a cell"s response to a signal. Larger multicellular organisms signals reach target cells by diffusion or by circulation through the blood. Chemical signals are often in low concentrations: can work at very very low levels due to affinity before signal and receptor. Cross talk signal transduction pathways can be interrelated: pathways can branch, meaning: One activated protein can activate multiple pathways. Multiple pathways can converge on a single transcription factor picture 2 subunits: pathway 1 activates subunit 1, pathway 2 activates subunit 2. One pathway may be activated while another is inhibited. Receptor proteins have very specific binding sites for chemical signal molecules (ligands: ligand bonding causes the receptor protein to change shape.
