Use this list of gene elements to answer the following questions: (a) Promoter
(b) Exon
(c) Enhancer
(d) Intron
(e) 5â untranslated region
(f) 3â untranslated region
Problem 1. Which of the above gene elements are transcribed? You may choose more than one answer.
Problem 2. Which of the above gene elements are translated? You may choose more than one answer.
Problem 3. Which of the above gene elements are regulatory? You may choose more than one answer.
Problem 4. Which of the above gene elements are coding? You may choose more than one answer.
Problem 6. A mutation occurs in a gene with the following sequence: AAGCT. An example of a deletion mutation in this sequence would be AACT (loss of G). Using AAGCT as your normal sequence, give an example for the following types of mutations
(a) Insertion (b) Transition
(c) Transversion
Problem 7. A mutation occurs in the coding region of a gene with the following sequence AAGTGC. The translated sequence is Lysine (AAG), Cysteine (TGC). Give an example of following types of mutation using AAGTGC as your normal sequence. Provide the translated sequence caused by the mutation. (Hint: You will need a codon table to translate the sequence)
(a) Synonymous mutation
(b) Non-synonymous missense mutation
(c) Non-synonymous nonsense mutation
Problem 8-10. You are an oncologist with three patients:
Problem 8. Patient 1 has a tumor causing mutation in a pro-growth gene. The mutated protein allows the cell to grow without receiving growth signals from outside the cell. Is the mutated gene an oncogene or a tumor suppressor? Why? Which hallmark is the gene associated with?
2
Problem 9. Patient 2 has a tumor which contains a loss of function mutation in the P53 gene. How would you determine if it is a somatic or germ line mutation?
Problem 10. Patient 3 has a tumor causing mutation in a gene called telomerase. The function of telomerase is to lengthen the ends of chromosomes. What hallmark is telomerase associated with? Is the mutation gain of function or loss of function? (Hint: to answer this question, you need to understand which hallmark telomere length is associated with)
