NUR 214 Lecture 2: Advanced Cardiac Week 2 wrd
21 Dec 2018
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Document Summary
Shock: defined as a syndrome characterized by hypo-perfusion of the body tissues (the demand of o2 is higher than the supply) which leads to tissue hypoxia, abnormal cellular metabolism and cell death. It is a syndrome that occurs when the body attempts to achieve homeostasis in response to the lack of perfusion. Hypovolemic: loss of intravascular fluid volume; leads to a decrease in preload, stroke volume, cardiac output and perfusion. Caused by: hemorrhage, vomiting, diarrhea, diaphoresis, excessive diuresis, pooling of blood from ascites, internal bleeding, peritonitis, massive vasodilation, burns, infection and sepsis. Cardiogenic: inability of the heart to maintain cardiac output due to heart dysfunction; leads to signs and symptoms of decreased cardiac output ( angina, tachycardia, hypotension, tachypnea, crackles, pallor, diaphoresis, weak pp, cool, clammy, etc ) Caused by: acute mi, ventricular hypertrophy, left ventricular ejection fraction less than 35%, dysrhythmias, valvular diseases. Distributive: three types of shock including; neurogenic, anaphylactic and septic shock.
