BIO 145 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Reproductive System, Clitoris, Gametogenesis
10 Jun 2019
School
Department
Course
Professor
ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY II
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
AMY LYNN GAGLIANO
MONROE COMMUNITY COLLEGE
Professor Christopher Wendtland
JANUARY 1, 2019
Materials developed by Amy Lynn Gagliano agagliano003@gmail.com
1
A&P II –Reproductive System
Reproductive System Functions
• Human ability to procreate is the responsibility of the male and female reproductive systems
• Without the ability to create offspring life on earth would become extinct
• Male and female reproductive system have developed unique characteristics that allow them to
work together in the effort of human offspring development
Reproductive Homologues
Female Organ
Male Organ
Common Functions
Ovary
Testis
Produces gametes and sex
hormones
Clitoris
Glans of penis
Contains erectile tissue that
stimulates sexual arousal and
climax
Labia minora
Body of penis
Contains erectile tissue that
stimulates sexual arousal and
climax
Labia majora
Scrotum
Protect and cover some
reproductive structures
Greater vestibular gland
Bulbourethral gland
Secretes mucin for lubrication
Sexual Maturation
• Both male and female reproductive systems are primarily dormant until puberty
• At puberty, external sexual characteristics become more prominent and evident, such as female
breast development
• Puberty is initiated when the hypothalamus begins to secrete gonadotropin-releasing hormone
(GnRH)
• GnRH causes the production and secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing
hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary (adenohypophysis)
• FSH and LH cause hormone production from the gonads, gamete production, and sexual
maturation
Cell Division
❖ Replicated chromosome—a chromosome that initially has two identical sister chromatids joined
at the centromere NOTE: once crossing over occurs, the sister chromatids are no longer identical
❖ Pair of chromosomes—a homologous maternal chromosome and paternal chromosome
❖ Single chromosome—a chromosome consisting of a single chromatid and a centromere
Gametogenesis
• Human heredity is located in genetic structures known as chromosomes
• Somatic cells (autosomes) have 23 pairs of chromosomes; they are diploid, 2n
• Gametes (sperm and egg) have only 23 chromosomes; they are haploid, 1n
• In the somatic cell, one set of 23 chromosomes came from the father and the other set of 23
chromosomes came from the mother
• Gametes only have one set of 1n chromosomes so that when they combine, the two sets form a
complete diploid (2n) cell
Document Summary
Contains erectile tissue that stimulates sexual arousal and climax. Replicated chromosome a chromosome that initially has two identical sister chromatids joined at the centromere note: once crossing over occurs, the sister chromatids are no longer identical. Pair of chromosomes a homologous maternal chromosome and paternal chromosome. Single chromosome a chromosome consisting of a single chromatid and a centromere. Gametogenesis: human heredity is located in genetic structures known as chromosomes, somatic cells (autosomes) have 23 pairs of chromosomes; they are diploid, 2n, gametes (sperm and egg) have only 23 chromosomes; they are haploid, 1n. Prophase i homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes, each composed of sister chromatids, pair up to form a tetrad. Crossing over, the sharing of little bits of genetic information, occurs during prophase to increase genetic diversity. Metaphase i homologous replicated chromosomes line up along the equator, or center of the cell, forming a double line of chromosomes.
