BIO 115 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Mutation, Abo Blood Group System, Epistasis

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23 Jun 2018
Department
Course
Professor
4. Genetics
Mendel understanding predictability of genetics (big contribution)
Gregor Mendel
oPublished papers
oModel organism pea
oExamined 7 different traits
Large flowers/ easy to remove parts
oTrue breeding strain for years will be same trait
oSelf fertilization is still sexual reproduction
Monohybrid Cross
oOne particular trait
oTrue breeding parents are the P generation
oPhenotype: what we see/observe
oGenotype: what's in alleles/ in chromosomes
Controlling pollination/fertilization
oF1 self or cross pollination/ first generation
oPurple PP x White pp F1 : 1 PP, 2 Pp, 1 pp
Critical conclusions
1. Inheritance is not due to blending of traits but rather traits are distinct
factors. We now call these genes.
2. Traits can be dominant or recessive. We now refer to these as alleles
3. Traits segregate independently. Each parent carries 2 copies of the gene
(alleles) that segregate (separate) during meiosis so each haploid cell carries one
copy. Stage in meiosis Anaphase 1
Locus where a gene is found on a chromosome, same genes in the same
order
Central Dogma of Everything : DNA RNA Protein
Homozygous dominant- true breeding (always get same offspring)
Genetics (cont)
oTestcross
Can help determine genotype of unknown individual
Take unknown cross with true known all purple or ½ purple
oPedigree
Mechanism to follow a trait or disease through a family
Some traits or diseases are associated with the sex chromosome
Results in the differential expression of the disease in women &
men
Sex link always on X or Y
oLaw of Independent Assortment
Mendel developed by studying dihybrid crosses
Track 2 traits simultaneously
2n = possible number of chromosomes via independent assortment
Laws can be traced to meiosis
oSex Influence
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Document Summary

Mendel understanding predictability of genetics (big contribution) Gregor mendel: published papers, model organism pea, examined 7 different traits. Large flowers/ easy to remove parts: true breeding strain for years will be same trait, self fertilization is still sexual reproduction. Monohybrid cross: one particular trait, true breeding parents are the p generation, phenotype: what we see/observe, genotype: what"s in alleles/ in chromosomes. Controlling pollination/fertilization: f1 self or cross pollination/ first generation, purple pp x white pp f1 : 1 pp, 2 pp, 1 pp. Inheritance is not due to blending of traits but rather traits are distinct factors. Each parent carries 2 copies of the gene (alleles) that segregate (separate) during meiosis so each haploid cell carries one copy. Locus where a gene is found on a chromosome, same genes in the same. Central dogma of everything : dna rna protein. Homozygous dominant- true breeding (always get same offspring) Can help determine genotype of unknown individual.

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