BIO 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cleavage Furrow, G2 Phase, Spindle Apparatus

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amberclam586

25 Apr 2021

School

MCPHS University

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 110

Professor

Roberto Rodriguez, DHSc, MS, MD

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Document Summary

A&p i - laboratory report 3 - 2021. Major events: during g1 (the rst gap phase) , the cell carries out routine metabolic activities, cell will grow. During s phase , the dna is replicated (new dna synthesis occurs). During the g2 phase (second gap phase), the cell completes growth and production of enzymes, and the cell is preparing for cell division. Major events:the chromatin condenses to form the mitotic chromosomes and become visible. Major events: the chromosomes align near the center of the cell or metaphase plate. Fibers of aster extend from centrosome to plasma membrane. Major events: sister chromatids separate to opposite poles of the cell as the spindle. Bers shorten and pull them toward the centrioles. Cytoplasm begins to divide, events begin which lead to cytokinesis. Major events: nuclear envelope forms around each set of chromosomes to form two separate nuclei. The chromosomes begin to uncoil and resemble the genetic material characteristic of interphase.

Related Questions

1) A tissue in a mouse contains two types of cells: one that divides rapidly and one that divides more slowly. The most likely difference between these two cell types is that the slow-dividing cell type spends more time in phase

G1, G2, G3, M, or S

2) In meiosis II

a- four genetically identical cells are generated

b- sister chromatids are separated

c- DNA replication occurs

d- crossing over occurs

e- both a and b

3) The four haploid nuclei found at the end of meiosis differ from one another in their exact genetic composition. Some of this difference is the result of?

a- cytokinesis

b- replication of DNA during the S phase

c- separation of sister chromatids at anaphase II

d- spindle formation

e- crossing over during prophase I

4) Which of the following does not occur during mitotic prometaphase?

a- disappearance of the nuclear envelope

b- initial movement of chromosomes towards the equatorial plate

c- adhesion of chromatids at the centromere

d- pairing of homologous chromosomes

e- disappearance of the nuclei

Question 3 (5 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 3 options:

	telophase II
	meiosis II
	telophase I
	anaphase I
	anaphase II

1.	Division, beginning without DNA replication, that resembles and produces four haploid cell.s
2.	Phase of meiosis when chiasmata are broken as spindle fibers shorten and homologous pairs are pulled apart.
3.	Phase of meiosis when sister chromatids are pulled to opposite poles of the cells.
4.	Phase of meiosis in which homologues cluster at the poles of the cells and the nuclear envelope reforms.
5.	Phase of meiosis in which four different haploid cells are present.

Question 4 (7 points)

Match the terms to the definitions provided.

Question 4 options:

	G0
	telophase
	G2
	mitosis
	cytokinesis
	cell cycle
	S

1.	The phase in which the cell synthesizes a replica of its genome
2.	The overall process of genome duplication
3.	The phase in the cell cycle during which mitochondria and other organelles replicate.
4.	The phase in mitosis when chromosomes are clustered at opposite poles and the spindle apparatus disappears
5.	A resting state that cells often enter before resuming cell division.
6.	The phase in the cell cycle when the cytoplasm divides creating two daughter cells.
7.	The phase in the cell cycle in which the spindle apparatus assembles and sister chromatids move apart.

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Question 5 (6 points)

Put the events of a MAP kinase cascade in the correct order.

Question 5 options:

	MAPKKK phosphorylates and activates another kinase
	MAPKK phosphorylates and activates MAPK
	Binding of MAPKKK to Ras
	External signal binds to membrane receptor and activates receptor kinase.
	MAPK phosphorylates an inactive response protein and activates it.
	Phosphorylation of receptor kinase and interaction with RAS

Question 10

A microscope image of a cell in interphase is treated with dyes to stain the nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). This image probably displays ______.

		visible nucleoli
		separate visible chromosomes
		visible spindle fibers

1 points

Question 11

To observe plant cells undergoing mitosis, the best plant tissue to isolate would be ______.

		a section of the root tip
		a section of the mature fruit
		a section of the main stem

1 points

Question 12

Owen observes a slide containing whitefish blastula sections. He finds a cell with visible spindle lines extending from two points on opposite sides of the cell and chromosomes as small black Xs halfway between the two poles. What stage of the cell cycle is Owen observing?

		anaphase
		metaphase
		prometaphase

1 points

Question 13

What structural feature can you use to distinguish between DNA-stained onion cells in anaphase and telophase?

		Sister chromatids separate as anaphase ends and telophase begins.
		The vesicles forming a cell plate appear around the onset of telophase.
		The chromosomes are clustered at visible spindle poles during anaphase.

1 points

Question 14

A carcinogen is any substance or environmental condition that ______.

		increases the frequency of mutation
		causes direct damage to DNA
		inhibits mitosis in cancer cells

1 points

Question 15

Angelina observes a slide containing whitefish blastula sections. She finds a cell with visible spindle lines extending from two points on opposite sides of the cell and chromosomes as small black Xs halfway between the two poles. What intracellular structure forms each of the two points on opposite sides of this cell?

		a metaphase plate
		a cell plate
		a pair of centrioles

1 points

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the relationship between interphase and the cell cycle?

		Interphase is a gap between rounds of cell division.
		Interphase comprises a large majority of the cell cycle in almost all cells.
		Interphase comprises a large majority of the cell cycle in slowly and non-dividing cells.

Question 17

Radiation therapy and chemotherapy are cancer treatments that primarily attack cancer cells through ______.

		activating apoptosis in any rapidly dividing cells to kill off tumor cells
		destroying the blood vessels in cancerous tumors to block the flow of nutrients
		damaging DNA to the extent that cells die if they cannot repair the damage

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BIO 110 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Cleavage Furrow, G2 Phase, Spindle Apparatus

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