ECON 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Marginal Cost, Reservation Price, Demand Curve

26. A graph called a demand curve can be used to illustrate the relationship between the price of compact disc players and the quantity of compact disc players demanded. If there is evidence that buyers' income and the price of cassette tape players also influence the demand for compact disc players, then a movement along the curve can be caused by a change in either the:
A) price of compact disc players or buyers' income.
B) price of cassette tape players or buyers' income.
C) quantity of compact disc players demanded or buyers income.
D) price of compact disc players or the quantity of compact disc players demanded.

27. A graph called a demand curve can be used to illustrate the relationship between the price of compact disc players and the quantity of compact disc players demanded. If there is evidence that buyers' income and the price of cassette tape players also influence the demand for compact disc players, then a shift in the curve can be caused by a change in either the:
A) price of compact disc players or buyers' income.
B) price of cassette tape players or buyers' income.
C) quantity of compact disc players demanded or buyers income.
D) price of compact disc players or the quantity of compact disc players demanded.

Discussion #1

The law of demand states that a fall in the price of a good raises the quantity demanded, and the increase in price leads to a decrease in quantity demanded. The price elasticity of demand measures the responsiveness of the quantity demanded to a change in price. Demand for a good is said to be elastic if the quantity demanded responds substantially to changes in the price, and the percentage change in quantity demanded is greater than the percentage change in price. Demand is said to be inelastic if the quantity demanded responds only slightly to changes in the price, which indicates that the percentage in price is greater than the percentage in quantity demanded.

However, the extent of responsiveness of quantity demanded to a change in price depends on the nature of a particular good or service in the market. The price elasticity of demand partly depends on the availability of close substitutes. When a large number of substitutes are available, consumers respond to a higher price of a good by buying more of the substitute goods and less of the relatively more expensive good. In addition, goods or services that are considered necessities tend to have less elastic (more inelastic) demand, whereas goods or services that are considered luxuries have more elastic (less inelastic) demands.

• Explain why the demand for the good or service provided by the organization you work for is elastic or inelastic. How does this influence pricing decisions?
• Provide examples on how the availability of close substitutes affects price elasticity of demand.
• Give specific examples of necessities or luxuries, and explain how they affect price elasticity of goods or services.

Please answer ALL bulletins and place the answers under the correct bulletin.

interval (or arc) elasticity

cross-price elasticity

price elasticity of demand

elastic demand

income elasticity

inelastic demand

inframarginal units

marginal revenue

point elasticity

price effect

quantity effect

total revenue

unitary elastic demand

1. __________________ A measure of consumers’ sensitivity or responsiveness to changes in the price of a good or service.

2. ___________________ When the percentage change in price (in absolute value) is more than the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value).

3. ___________________ When the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value) is more than the percentage change in price (in absolute value).

4. ___________________ When the percentage change in quantity demanded (in absolute value) is just equal to the percentage change in price (in absolute value).

5. ___________________ Total amount paid to a producer for a good or service P * Q.

6. ___________________ The effect on total revenue of a change in price, holding quantity constant.

7. ___________________ The effect on total revenue of a change in quantity, holding price constant.

8. ___________________ An elasticity calculated over an interval of a demand curve or demand schedule.

9. ___________________ Elasticity at a specific price or point on a demand curve.

10. ___________________ A measure of how responsive quantity demanded is to a change in income, all other things constant.

11. ___________________ A measure showing how responsive the quantity demanded of one good is to changes in the price of another good, other factors constant.

12. ___________________ The additional revenue received by producing and selling one more unit of output.

13. ___________________ Units of output that could have been sold at a higher price had the firm not lowered its price to sell additional (marginal) units.