BIO 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 10: Rubisco, Plastid, Green Algae
Document Summary
Chromosome complement greater than diploid number (more than two copies) Two high polyploidy numbers become detrimental (too much dna to replicate) Odd chromosome numbers sterile (produce abnormal/ uneven chromosome distribution, not able to segregate properly in meiosis) Cross diploid (2n) with tetraploid (4n) => triploid (3n) Sterile plant reproduces by cloning (vegetative propagation) No genetic variation (if pathogen able to infect plant, all of plants infected) Tetraploid forms bigger cells and organs (larger leaves, flowers, tubers) Autotetraploid: derived from chromosomes of one individual. Achieved by treating plant meristem with colchicines (disrupts microtubule spindle formation) or non- disjunction (fail to segregate in meiosis) in nature. Allotetraploid: derived from chromosomes of two different individuals (like triticosecale, a wheat rye hybrid) Males not contributing plastids at all- mitochondria. Functional plastids: integration between nuclear genome and functional genome. Functional plastids depend on integration of proteins encoded on both nuclear and chloroplast genome. Gamma + delta subunits of atpase complex.
