BIO 2 Lecture Notes - Lecture 5: Plastid, Amyloplast, Carotenoid
Document Summary
Plastid: maturation based on what pigments/ organic molecules that accumulate within plastid: 1. Chloroplast: photosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis, accumulates pigments: chlorophyll and carotenoids, temporary storage organ/ organelle for starch fatty acid biosynthesis, 2. Carotenoids: xanthophylls (oxygenated), carotenes, fat soluble pigment, fruit ripening. Amyloplast: accumulates amylose starch, found in tubers (potato), seeds, colorless. Proplastids: precursors of other plastids, found in undifferentiated tissues. Common features: double membrane, circular dna/ circular genome ~150 kb, reproduction by fission, unique set of ribosomes apart from cytosolic, prokaryote- 70, cytoplasmic- 80, own dna called plasmid dna. Vacuole: surrounded by tonoplast membrane that is selectively permeable to regulate ion and molecules that leave or enter, contains 90% water with dissolved solutes, various ions, small organic acids, amino acids. Functions of vacuole: storage organelle for, anthocyanin pigments: water soluble and responsible for blue and violet color in fruits and vegetables. Expands with water to produce outward force onto cell wall.
