BIO 11 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chyle, Endothelium, Clavicle

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amaranthgrasshopper262

3 Sep 2020

School

Irvine Valley College

Department

Biology

Course

BIO 11

Professor

fay

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Document Summary

Any exchange between blood and body tissue goes through interstitial tissue. Lymphatic vessels: carries the fluid and empty it into circulation. Connects everything from interstitial space to thorax. Cells release proteins into the interstitial space (too large to fit into blood capillaries) so they are taken by the lymphatic system. Formed by loosely overlapping endothelial cells (like shingles) Allow to let proteins and other nutrients into the capillaries. Opening/closing determined by the pressure of the fluids either inside or outside the capillaries. Restore blood vessels and help with immunity. Lymphatic collecting vessels contain 3 thin tunics collect lymph from. Lymphatic trunks drain large areas of the body named based on the areas they capillaries drain. Lymphatic ducts both empty into jugular vein really low pressure. Left= (thoracic) the rest of the body. Factors assisting lymphatic flow tremendously low pressure b/c no pump. Arterial pump: lymphatic vessels run very close to arteries and get some of the.

Related Questions

True of False: Freshwater environments have a higher concentration of oxygen than saltwater environments.

QUESTION 2 If the difference in partial pressure of gas on either side of the barrier to diffusion is 0, which of these events will occur?

The area for gas exchange will increase to accommodate this similarity.

The constant for diffusion will decrease.

The rate of diffusion will be 0.

The distance thickness of the barrier to diffusion will also be 0.

QUESTION 3 On the x-axis of the oxygenâhemoglobin equilibrium curve is the partial pressure of oxygen in tissues. Which type of blood is most likely to be represented by the right-hand side of the axis? (Hint: the oxygen-hemoglobin equilibrium curve is figure 45.14 in your book on pg 913)

blood found in the left ventricle

blood found in the right atrium

blood found in the superior vena cava

blood found in the inferior vena cava

QUESTION 4 Which of these is an example of pulmonary circulation?

Blood is pumped from the right ventricle to the lungs.

Blood is pumped from the left ventricle to the aorta.

Blood is pumped from the aorta to the cardiac vein.

Blood is pumped from the inferior vena cava to the right atrium.

QUESTION 5 O2 will diffuse from blood to tissue faster in response to which of the following conditions?

an increase in the PO2 of the tissue

a decrease in the PO2 of the tissue

an increase in the thickness of the capillary wall

a decrease in the surface area of the capillary

QUESTION 6 Which of the following promotes oxygen release from hemoglobin?

a decrease in temperature

a decrease in carbon dioxide levels

a decrease in pH

a decrease in carbonic anhydrase

QUESTION 7 How does the medulla oblongata sense the amount of carbon dioxide in the blood?

A. Carbonic anhydrase produced by cells performing cellular respiration is exported and travels though the blood, and binds to a receptor on the medullary respiratory center, which causes a signal amplification resulting in a change in gene expression which results in the production of proteins that will cause the diaphragm to contract

B. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which increases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

C. CO2 produced by cells performing cellular respiration reacts with blood plasma for form an acid, which decreases the pH of the blood, which causes the medullary respiratory center to contract the diaphragm

D. A and B

E. A and C

QUESTION 8 Which of the following parts of the lung are considered "dead space"? A. The alveoli B. The trachea C. The bronchi D. B and C E. All of the above

QUESTION 9 Which of the following blood vessels have the thinnest walls?

arteries

arterioles

capillaries

venules

veins

QUESTION 10 How does the interstitial fluid return to the bloodstream?

A. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the osmotic pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the blood pressure driving fluid out of the blood

B. Interstitial fluid flows into the capillary where the blood pressure driving fluid into the bloodstream is greater than the osmotic pressure driving fluid out of the blood

C. Interstitial fluid leaves the tissue via lymphatic ducts and travels through the lymphatic system, which returns the fluid to the veins. D. A and C

E. B and C

QUESTION 11 True or False: When an electrocardiogram (EKG or ECG) shows a flat line (aka asystole), medical personnel will restart the heart using a defibrillator.

azureprairie-dog128

QuestionGroup: #37 CNS

Assigned as

Homework

Which parts of the brain contribute to our social behavior?

Orbitofrontal cortex

Mirror neurons

Amygdala

All of these are correct

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QuestionGroup: #38 CNS2

Assigned as

Homework

Part of the explanation of long term memory is which of the following?

Long term potentiation between neurons and muscle cells

Long term potentiation between neurons

Short term translation

Long term transcription

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QuestionGroup: #39 PNS

Assigned as

Homework

The somatic component of the peripheral nervous system has which of the following characteristics?

It controls the smooth muscle in the blood vessels so that blood vessels can vasoconstrict or vasodilate

It controls the autonomic nervous system so it indirectly controls heart rate

It controls your skeletal muscle so you can answer this question by pushing on the keyboard

It controls the smooth muscle in your intestinal tract so it controls peristalsis

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QuestionGroup: #40 Smooth/skeletal

Assigned as

Homework

Which of the following is NOT a part of a skeletal muscle cell?

Motor neurons

Nuclei

Sarcomeres

Actin

Myosin

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QuestionGroup: #41 Cardio

Assigned as

Homework

Which part of the circulatory system has the highest pressure?

Veins

Capillaries

Arteries

Aorta

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QuestionGroup: #42 Cardio2

Assigned as

Homework

Where do the electrical signals originate in your heart?

SA node

Internodal tracts

His-Purkinje System

AV node

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QuestionGroup: #43 Blood pressure

Assigned as

Homework

There was a horrific traffic accident and you run to help the victims. You feel a pulse from his carotid artery ,however the medic comes along and gets no blood pressure as he measures it from the arm. He claims the victim is dead. You think which of the following?

Medic is not correct since it is the difference between heart rate and blood pressure that determines life. No heart rate only means tha the sympathetics have stopped vasoconstricting the blood vessels.

Medic is correct since it is common to not have a blood pressure of 120/80 and no pulse due to stress as was discussed in class.

Medic is incorrect since there is a pulse. This means the person is still alive.

Medic is correct since there is no blood pressure there is no life.

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QuestionGroup: #44 Blood pressure2

Assigned as

Homework

Which side of the capillary bed has the higher oncotic pressure?

venous and lymph

arterial and lymph

lymph

venule side

arterial side

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QuestionGroup: #45 Capillaries

Assigned as

Homework

If the hydrostatic pressure is higher in the interstitial space rather than the capillary, which of the following will occur?

(2),(3)

(1),(2),(3)

(3) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the arterial end of the capillary

(2) Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the venous end of the capillary

(1) No change in the hydrostatic pressure since this pressure is maintained regardless of external pressures.

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QuestionGroup: #46 Respiration/ ventilation

Assigned as

Homework

The left atrium is damaged and is generating a great resistance to blood coming from pulmonary vein. What happens due to this pressure?

Back up of blood in the pulmonary artery which causes pulmonary capillary edema

Generation of back flow into the inferior vena cava

Generation of coronary artery edema

Back up of blood in the pulmonary vein which causes pulmonary capillary edema

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QuestionGroup: #47 Respiration/ventilation 2

Assigned as

Homework

Edema in the pulmonary circulation refers to which of the following?

additional fluid in the trachea

additional interstitial fluid

additional surfactant

additional capillary fluid

additional intracellular fluid

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QuestionGroup: #48 Cell communication

Assigned as

Homework

What is the definition of a signaling pathway?

All the proteins in the nucleus

All the cell molecules in the mitochondria

A group of genes that control mitosis

A specific chemical pathway that is activated by the ligand/receptor complex.

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QuestionGroup: #49 Hormone/ menstruation

Assigned as

Homework

Which hormone directly causes ovulation?

Follicle stimulating hormone

Lutenizing hormone

Progesterone

Estrogen

All of these

BIO 11 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Chyle, Endothelium, Clavicle

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