PSYC 1102 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Walter Mischel, Cognitive Dissonance, Normative Social Influence
Social Cognitive; Focuses on how the person thinks about the situations.
- Behavior is caused by the situational factors rather than personality.
How consistent is behavior across situations?
Walter Mischel
Strong Situation:
The nature of the environment
inhibits/dissuades someone from expressing
their personality.
i.e. behavior in the army
Weak Situation:
The environment that allows you to show
your true personality.
i.e. behavior at home
➢ Trait theory: Personality can be best understood as a combination of traits.
➢ Trait: Relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way.
o Assumption of stability is key.
▪ Assume answers remain consistent over time.
▪ Assume that answers remain consistent across domain.
THE BIG FIVE!
1. O-openness to experience
2. C-conscientious
3. E-extroversion
4. A-agreeableness
5. N-neuroticism
- Predicts many important real-world behaviors.
- Relatively similar traits seen across cultures, but different prevalence rates.
Assessment
Reliability
o Consistency of measurement
Validity
o Purports to measure
Structured personality tests= Paper and pencil, MMPI (Minnesota multiphasic personality
inventory)
Projective personality tests= Rorschach
(Not reliable or valid)
Social Psychology;
=Humans are highly social creatures
=Motivators
=Why do we do the things we do?
- Pleasure principal
- Social approval
➢ Field of psychology that examines how people affect one another.
o Focuses on power
➢ Intrapersonal—focus on an individual
➢ Interpersonal—focus on dynamics between people
Intrapersonal topics are social norms, attitudes, cognitive dissonance, and persuasion.
o Social norms=standard behavior that’s widely shared by members of a culture.
▪ Norm reciprocity=people will benefit those who’ve benefitted them.
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Document Summary
Social cognitive; focuses on how the person thinks about the situations. Behavior is caused by the situational factors rather than personality. The nature of the environment inhibits/dissuades someone from expressing their personality. i. e. behavior in the army. The environment that allows you to show your true personality. i. e. behavior at home. Trait theory: personality can be best understood as a combination of traits. Trait: relatively stable disposition to behave in a particular and consistent way: assumption of stability is key, assume answers remain consistent over time, assume that answers remain consistent across domain. The big five: o-openness to experience, c-conscientious, e-extroversion, a-agreeableness, n-neuroticism. Relatively similar traits seen across cultures, but different prevalence rates. Structured personality tests= paper and pencil, mmpi (minnesota multiphasic personality inventory) =why do we do the things we do? (not reliable or valid) Field of psychology that examines how people affect one another: focuses on power.
