BIOSC-139 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Sagittal Plane, Transverse Plane, Anatomical Terminology
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9 Sep 2020
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The human body: an orientation: define anatomy and physiology, and describe the subdisciplines of anatomy. Anatomy: the study of the structure of the human body. Gross anatomy the study of body structures that can be examined by the naked eye such as the bones, lungs, and muscles. All structures in a single body region, such as the abdomen or head, are examined as a group. All the organs with related functions are studied together; best for relating structure to function. Surface anatomy the study of shapes and markings (called landmarks) on the surface of the body that reveal the underlying organs. Microscopic anatomy/histology the study of structures that are so small they can be seen only with a microscope-- Such as cells and cell parts; groups of cells, called tissues; and the microscopic details of the organs of the body (stomach, spleen, and so on). Other branches of anatomy (good to know, but not as important)
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lateral medial proximal |
Pelvic Dorsal Thoracic |
sagittal plane parasagittal plane frontal plane |
separates right and leftportions of the body misses the midline,separating right and left portions of unequal size separates anterior andposterior portions of the body |
Cell membrane Plasma membrane Plasmalemma |
oxygen lungs potassium |
lining the ducts thatdrain sweat glands lining kidneytubules lining the stomach at the surface of theskin |
stratum basale stratum granulosum stratum spinosum |
connective tissue muscle tissue neural tissue |
RNA molecule DNA molecule tRNA molecule |
neutral fats phospholipids fat-soluble vitamins |
tissue organ atom |
odor salt nitrates |
impetigo vitiligo ringworm |
Stratum corneum Stratum granulosum Stratum basale |
to heat the skin for evaporativecooling to get rid of bodywaste to elevate bodytemperature |
heats has no effect on dries the body |
terminal hair rrrector pili arrector pili |
periostesis mastication cartilage |
blood-formingclots. elastic tissue. Sharpey's fibers. |
epiphysis diaphysis metaphysis lamella |
fontanels lacunae sutures |
coccyx pubis iliac crest |
yellow bone marrow periosteum compact bone marrow |
tarsals metatarsals phalanges |
Inferior ramus Lesser sciaticnotch Superior body |
spinous process pedicles laminae |
nasal bones lacrimal bones maxillary bones |
lateral cuneiform cuboid calcaneus |
The humerus and theclavicle The scapula and theclavicle The humerus and theradius |
syndesmosis symphysis gomphosis |
produce red blood cells(hemopoiesis) provide a smooth surfaceat the ends of synovial joints form the synovialmembrane |
also are calledcollateral ligaments prevent hyperextension ofthe knee assist in defining therange of motion of the leg |
small sacs containingsynovial fluid semilunar cartilagepads tendon sheaths |
It contains lacticacid. It contains hyaluronicacid. It contains hydrochloricacid. |