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BIOSC-101 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Sister Chromatids, Meiosis, Metaphase

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School
Diablo Valley College
Department
Biological Science
Course
BIOSC-101
Professor
hoffman

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Document Summary

Meiosis consists of 2 consecutive cell divisions, called meiosis i and meiosis ii. In meiosis i, the number of chromosomes in the parent cell are divided in half because the homologous chromosomes are separated. One half of the homologous pair goes to one daughter cell while the other half of the homologous pair goes to the other daughter cell. It is the first half of the whole process of meiosis. Homologous pairs of chromosomes bind together and exchange pieces in a process called. By the end of meiosis i, the homologous pairs of chromosomes have been sorted into separate cells. Meiosis ii is extremely similar to mitosis, except there are half as many chromosomes. In meiosis ii, sister chromatids are separated from each other. The second half of meiosis in which sister chromatids in each of the 2 haploid cells produced during meiosis i are separated. Meiosis ii results in the production of 4 haploid gamete cells.

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Related Questions

-Complete the following sentences: metaphase of mitosis, prophase II of meiosis, crossing over, anaphase I of meiosis, variable, random fertilization, identical, random orientation, metaphase I of meiosis, prophase I of meiosis, metaphase II of meiosis, reduction division

Two processes that occur during meiosis produce genetically ____________ cells.

In a process called ____________ , paired homologous chromosomes align randomly at the cell equator. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

In a process called ____________ , genetic material is exchanged between homologous chromosomes. This occurs during this stage of cell division: ____________ .

-Complete the following paragraph to describe nondisjunction and the resulting effects on chromosome number.

words: euploidy, primary nondisjunction, nomal, nondisjunction, secondary nondisjunction, homologous chromosomes, abnormal, trisomy, monosomy, sister chromatids, aneuploid

1.During meiosis I, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

2.During meiosis II, ____________ separate and move towards opposite ends of the poles.

3.During meiosis I, if both members of a homologous pair go into the same daughter cell, ____________ is said to occur and no normal gametes are produced.

4.During meiosis II, if the sister chromatids fail to separate and both daughter chromosomes go into the same gamete, ____________ is said to occur. Half the gametes are aneuploid while the other half are euploid.

5.If an egg that contains 24 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

6.If an egg that contains 22 chromosomes instead of 23 chromosomes is fertilized by a normal sperm, ____________ is said to have occurred.

1. only one chromosome of a homologous pair is present in a cell

2. sister chromatids seperate

3. homologous chromosomes pair up

4. parent cell and daughter cells are genetically identical to each other

5. chromosomes replicate before nuclear division

6. crossing over

7. involved in growth and repair

8. homologous chromosomes separate

9. synthesis of sister chromatids before division

10. independent assortment

Answer Choices:

A. occurs ONLY in meiosis

B. occurs in BOTH mitosis and meiosis

C. occurs ONLY in mitosis

Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction Lab Report

  1. Homologous Chromosomes

  1. Give an example of a cell that is diploid and one that ishaploid.
  1. On a pair of homologous chromosomes, one allele for hair colorcodes for brown hair and one codes for red hair. Is this conditionconsidered homozygous or heterozygous?
  1. What does homozygous mean?

  1. Meiosis in Eukaryotes

  1. At the end of meiosis, how does the number of chromosomes ineach cell compare to the parent cell?
  1. draw the beads as they appear at the end of each stage ofmeiosis I and meiosis II.
  1. Oogenesis and Spermatogenesis
  1. Where does meiosis occur in human males and females?
  1. What type of cells undergo meiosis?
  1. After fertilization occurs, are the resulting cells diploid orhaploid in chromosome number?

Summary Questions

  1. If a garden pea has 14 chromosomes before meiosis, how manychromosomes would exist in each nucleus after meiosis I? Aftermeiosis II?

  1. Summarize the process of gametogenesis.
  1. Give an example of homologous and heterozygous traits.