BIO 408 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Fetal Circulation, Hemolymph, Extracellular Fluid
Document Summary
Bio 408 lecture 2: circulation patterns of vertebrates. Insects: hemolymph circulates at low pressure along a relatively undefined path, crayfish, pumps hemolymph to a region of the body and mixes with interstitial fluid in the body before returning to the heart. Phylogenetic content: placentals - amniota, birds/crocodilians - amniota, lizards and snakes - tetrapoda, turtles - tetrapoda, frogs - sarcopterygii, teleost fishes - osteichthyes, sharks - gnathostomata. Fish hearts: variation among taxa: heart -> gills -> systemic circulation. Teleost fish: variation in ventricle mass relative to body mass with different selected vertebrates, fishes have lower metabolic rates -> smaller heart, humans have higher metabolic rates -> larger hearts. Variation in coronary circulation: blood vessel formation is different, muscle tissue formation is also different. Contrast of gill-breathing and air-breathing fishes: gill-breathing, heart -> gills -> systemic circulation, air-breathing, air-breathing fish have an air-breathing organ in parallel with the system circulation, can lose oxygen to the water because water is hypoxic.
