CAS NE 525 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Protein Folding, Quality Control, Homeostasis
10 Aug 2018
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Document Summary
Condensation of nuclear chromatin (chromatin packs dna) dna fragmentation: no more cell division, no more transcription and translation of proteins vital to cell functioning and life. Compaction of cytosolic organelles and blebbing (bubbles) on the cell surface. Caspases: these proteins initiate apoptosis, released by mitochondria following mitochondrial injury or dysfunction, could be activated by signals in cytosol or nucleus: caspases 1-14: 3 groups depending on structure and substrate specificity. Group 2: have final action of substrates determining inability to repair cell, to progress into cell cycles, to fragment dna. Group 3: upon activation, they are responsible for activation of group. First step: inactive form: pro-caspases become active when cleaved into shorter form (caspase) Exogenous pathway: gets signals from outside of cell. Ex: breakdown of inhibitor of dna fragmentation dna is fragmented. Intrinsic pathway: mitochondrial pathway intrinsic cellular stress. Intrinsic pathway is always activated because caspase 8 from exogenous pathway causes mitochondria to release cytochrome c.
