ASAMST 20A Lecture Notes - Extraterritoriality, Meiji Restoration, Ganghwado
7 Jun 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Colonization, Pac Markets & Asian Labor Migration
Why did they leave? (choice vs. coercion)
Colonialism/Colonization/Empire
● Colonialism: ideology
● Colonization: process of subjugation
● Link between European colonization and Asian migration
○ Undeveloped lands
○ Ending of slavery
Core and peripheral nation relationship
● CORE: Western Europe & U.S. Commerce, manufacturing
● Periphery - Asia: Cheap labor, markets
● Periphery - Africa: Slave labor, mineral resources
● Periphery - Latin America: Land and mineral resources
Setting the stage for migration
● Isolation
● Gunboat diplomacy - foreign policy that is supported by the use or threat of military
force
○ Unequal treaties
○ Created egress points (going out of something)
○ Influx of cheaper Western manufacturing
● Transnational Army of Labor
○ Africa, Asia, South Asia
○ Latin Am., Caribbeans, U.S.
Justifications for Colonialism
● Economic
○ Markets
○ Natural resources
○ Need labor
● Propagate Christianity
● East ruled by despots (tyrants) who:
○ Refuse to open markets
○ Waste resources
○ Therefore: Force is necessary
Co-Hong System in Canton
● Qing government established restrictive trading relationships with the West
● Have to go through Co-Hong system in Canton, Korea to be able to trade with China
● Middle-men brokers that control trade
● High tariffs, trade imbalance
John Quincy Adams
● 6th U.S. President (1825-1829)
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
● Accused China of being un-neighborly, anti-commercial
● Supported British in Opium War
● Proponent of free trade, including opium
Opium Wars Results
● Unequal treaties (one-sided in favor of the victor)
● China → semi-colony
○ Coastal areas were controlled by Britain and the West
● Open ports → opium and cheaper manufactured goods
● Annexation of Hong Kong and Kowloon
● Large-scaled labor recruitment
British-China Unequal Treaties
● Treaty of Nanjing 1842
○ 5 treaty ports
○ Abolished Co-Hong system
○ Ceded Hong Kong to British
○ Lower custom duties
○ Indemnities $21 million
○ Extraterritoriality - all British citizens who commit crimes on Chinese soil
shall be tried only in British courts (biased)
○ Missionaries - distribute Bibles, propagate Christianity
● Treaty of Wangxia 1844 (U.S.-China)
○ U.S. added own treaties
● Treaty of Tianjin 1858
○ More treaty ports
○ Legalized opium
○ More indemnities
○ Kowloon territory ceded
○ Missionaries allowed access to interiors
Lord Elgin (James Bruce)
● Commanded Anglo-French troops
● Burned New Summer Palace, Old Summer Palace in Beijing
● Later: Governor of Jamaica, Canada and Viceroy of India
Effects of Colonization
● China
○ Economic
○ Social, psychological - China was a much older country that had established
rich history and culture, wasn’t able to fend off the West
○ Resentment vs. Qing (Manchu) Dynasty
○ Turmoil (country is decapitated, no strong central power, lots of crime)
○ Egress for migration
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Link between european colonization and asian migration. Core: western europe & u. s. commerce, manufacturing. Periphery - africa: slave labor, mineral resources. Periphery - latin america: land and mineral resources. Gunboat diplomacy - foreign policy that is supported by the use or threat of military. Transnational army of labor force unequal treaties. Created egress points (going out of something) Qing government established restrictive trading relationships with the west. Have to go through co-hong system in canton, korea to be able to trade with china. Unequal treaties (one-sided in favor of the victor) Coastal areas were controlled by britain and the west. Open ports opium and cheaper manufactured goods. Extraterritoriality - all british citizens who commit crimes on chinese soil. Treaty of wangxia 1844 (u. s. -china) shall be tried only in british courts (biased) Burned new summer palace, old summer palace in beijing. Later: governor of jamaica, canada and viceroy of india.
