ASAMST 20A Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Pearl River Delta, Gunboat Diplomacy, Treaty Ports
23 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Colonization, PAC Markets, Asian Labor Migration
September 3
I. Colonialism/Colonization/Empire
• Colonialism: ideology that justifies the taking over of other territories.
• Colonization: process of subjugation mainly by force. Can be influenced by the threat of
colonization (ie: Japan) or by full colonization (ie: Japan, Philippines).
• There is a link between European colonization and Asian migration
o Undeveloped lands: timing of migration is related to the lands that have not
been settled yet.
o Ending of slavery
II. Core and Peripheral Nation Relationship
• Core: Western Europe and US
o Center of capitalism driven by commerce and manufacturing
o Needed cheap labor and resources
• Peripheral: Asia (cheap labor, markets, Africa (slave labor, mineral resources), and Latin
America (land and mineral resources)
o Proided resoures for ore atios
o Too poor to develop their economy
III. Setting the Stage for Migration
• Gunboat diplomacy: US gunboats were used to change the policies of the Chinese
government to open trade in the ports (open the East to the West).
• Unequal treaties: treaties that favored the British/American sides.
• Influx of cheaper Western manufactured goods: tariffs were used beforehand in China;
local industries in China declined because of the allowance of cheaper goods.
• Labor from Africa and Asia to Latin America, West Indies, and the US.
• Cato/Pearl Rier Delta Area as the eit poit for igratio.
IV. Arguments for Colonialism
• Economic
o Need for market to sell goods to sustain economy
o Need natural resources
o Need labor
• Propagate Christianity as the superior religion
• East ruled by despots (corrupt leaders)
o Refuse to open markets
o Wasted resources
o Force was necessary to influence the backwards people
V. Co-Hong System in Canton
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
• All trade in China had to go through the Co-Hong merchant system (middle-men
brokers) during the Qing government
• High tariffs caused trade imbalances
VI. John Quincy Adams
• Former US president (6th aused Chia for eig u-eighorl ad ati-commercial
because of the closed trade ports.
• Adams supported British in the Opium War
• Propoet free trade iludig opiu
VII. Opium War Results
• Unequal treaties
• China is a semi-colony post-war (bigger in size compared to Japan and Korea)
• Open ports: entry of opium and cheaper manufacturing goods
• Hong Kong and Kowloon are annexed to Britain
• Opportunity for large-scaled labor recruitment
VIII. British-China Unequal Treaties
• Treaty of Nanjing (1842)
o 5 treaty ports that were established that favored Britain
o Abolished the Co-Hort, middle man system
o Hong Kong is ceded
o Lower custom duties for manufactured products
o Indemnities of $21 million dollars
o Extraterritoriality: people committed of a crime in China were to be tried in
British court (purpose was to give a light sentence for British people).
o Missionaries
• Treaty of Wangxia (1844)
o US added their own treaties
o Own version to gain access to Chinese port
• Treaty of Tianjin (1858)
o Resulted from another Opium War: the Chinese boarded ship with a British flag
as a pretext to start the war.
o China lost, signing more treaty ports, had to legalize opium, more indemnities,
and Kowloon territory was ceded to Britain
o Missionaries allowed access to the interior
IX. Lord Elgin
• Commanded Anglo-French troops
• In charge of the burning of the New Summer Palace, Old Summer Palace in Beijing to
punish the Chinese for not allowing for the colonization/treaties.
X. Effects of Colonization
• China:
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
September 3: colonialism/colonization/empire, colonialism: ideology that justifies the taking over of other territories, colonization: process of subjugation mainly by force. Core and peripheral nation relationship: core: western europe and us, center of capitalism driven by commerce and manufacturing, needed cheap labor and resources, peripheral: asia (cheap labor, markets, africa (slave labor, mineral resources), and latin. America (land and mineral resources: pro(cid:448)ided resour(cid:272)es for (cid:862)(cid:272)ore(cid:863) (cid:374)atio(cid:374)s, too poor to develop their economy. John quincy adams: former us president (6th(cid:895) a(cid:272)(cid:272)used chi(cid:374)a for (cid:271)ei(cid:374)g (cid:862)u(cid:374)-(cid:374)eigh(cid:271)orl(cid:455)(cid:863) a(cid:374)d a(cid:374)ti-commercial because of the closed trade ports, adams supported british in the opium war, propo(cid:374)e(cid:374)t (cid:862)free trade(cid:863) i(cid:374)(cid:272)ludi(cid:374)g opiu(cid:373) British-china unequal treaties: treaty of nanjing (1842, 5 treaty ports that were established that favored britain, abolished the co-hort, middle man system, hong kong is ceded, lower custom duties for manufactured products. Indemnities of million dollars: extraterritoriality: people committed of a crime in china were to be tried in.
