BIO 3342 Lecture Notes - Lecture 33: Intervertebral Foramina, Supraorbital Ridge, Xiphoid Process
Document Summary
Inferior nasal conchae : thin, curbed bones in the nasal cavity. Regions and normal curvatures: 7 cervical vertebrae, 12 thoracic vertebrae, 5 lumbar vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, cervical & lumbar curvatures : concave posteriorly, thoracic & sacral curvatures : convex posteriorly. Ligaments of the spine: anterior longitudinal ligaments, posterior longitudinal ligaments, ligamentum flavum. Intervertebral discs : act as shock absorbers during movement. General structure of vertebrae: body, vertebral arch, pedicles, laminae, vertebral foramen, spinous processes, transverse processes. Inferior articular processes, superior articular processes: facets, intervertebral foramina. Regional vertebral characteristics: flexion and extension, lateral flexion, rotation. Sternum: comprised of the manubrium, body, and xiphoid process, palpable landmarks include jugular notch, sternal angle, and xiphisternal joint. Cleft palate : right and left halves of the palate fail to joint medially, often accompanied by cleft lip. Stenosis of the lumbar spine : narrowing of the vertebral canal in the lumbar region, compresses the roots of the spinal nerves and causes back pain.
