HIST 1020 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Authoritarianism, Antarctica, Operation Torch
6 Nov 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
•Nazi-Soviet Nonaggression Pact
•Pearl Harbor
•Operation Torch
•D-Day Invasion of France/Operation Overlord
•Holocaust: deliberate racial extermination of Jewish people that claimed around 6
million lives; also targeted gypsies, queer people, communities, and Slavs
-3/4 of all victims were killed from March 1942-March 1943
-Nazi genocides challenged European claims that science, technology, and
efficient bureaucracy would improve lives
•The Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere
•“Asia for Asians”: Japan justified aggression by promising to drive out Europeans
and Americans on grounds it was anti-colonial and pan-Asian
•Hiroshima & Nagaski
-Main Points -
•World War II is more “global” than World War I. Soldiers from every country
participate Fighting takes place on three continents
•The was is the result of the failures of the post-WWI system of international
relations embodied by the League of Nations and its failure to check German,
Italian, and Japanese aggression.
•The war is fought at great cost — widespread destruction in Europe, Soviet Union,
and Japan, the Holocaust, millions of civilians die in air bombings.
•The rise of the “three world order” is an outcome of WWII. The Us and Soviet
Union emerges as superpowers
-Commonalities Among Authoritarian Regimes -
•Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin were authoritarian
•Relied upon violence to remake countries
•Believed modern economies required state direction
-German and Italian regimes worked with private sector, but expected them to
support national/imperialist goals
-USSR eliminated private sector; adopted US-style mass production; state
managed economy
•Difference: Hitler and Mussolini saw nation as primary agent; Stalin viewed the
proletarian revolution as primary agent
-Recap of Lessons from Documentary: WWII in Color -
•Authoritarianism were responses to the limitation of liberal democracy after the
Great War
•Various upheavals - internal strife in Italy and Germany after war and Great
Depression - created the opportunities for Fascists and Nazis to take control over
Italian and German governments
•The great power in the League of Nations, mainly Britain and France, failed to
intervene:
-when Germany violates Treaty of Versailles, Italian expansion, in Spanish Cilvil
War, and prevented the US from interviewing when Japan took Manchuria
•Britain and France turned to appeasement (allowing Germany to take Poland) in
fears of another European war - emboldened Hitler further
-Meaning of German Offensive -
Document Summary
Nazi-soviet nonaggression pact, pearl harbor, operation torch, d-day invasion of france/operation overlord, holocaust: deliberate racial extermination of jewish people that claimed around 6 million lives; also targeted gypsies, queer people, communities, and slavs. 3/4 of all victims were killed from march 1942-march 1943. Main points : world war ii is more global than world war i. Soldiers from every country participate fighting takes place on three continents: the was is the result of the failures of the post-wwi system of international relations embodied by the league of nations and its failure to check german, Commonalities among authoritarian regimes : hitler, mussolini, and stalin were authoritarian, relied upon violence to remake countries, believed modern economies required state direction. German and italian regimes worked with private sector, but expected them to support national/imperialist goals. Ussr eliminated private sector; adopted us-style mass production; state managed economy: difference: hitler and mussolini saw nation as primary agent; stalin viewed the proletarian revolution as primary agent.
