BIO 182 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Natural Selection, Guppy, Noncoding Dna

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24 Aug 2016

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Prokaryotes: lack membrane bound organelles, unicellular (very few exceptions, lack a membrane bound nucleus, generally contain simple genomes. Eukaryotes: membrane bound organelles, membrane bound nucleus, unicellular or multicellular organisms, more complex genomes. Plasma membrane composed of fatty acid chains. Gram negative thin single peptidoglycan layer. Gram positive thick multi peptidoglycan layer. Probably most closely related to first life on earth: archaea (used to be classified as bacteria) Cell membrane of branched hydrocarbon (fatty acid) chains this is what makes them different from bacteria. Extremophiles thrive in extreme conditions: eukaryotic kingdomw. Wide variety of methods to obtain nutrients. Educated guesses because we can"t actually witness large scale evolution: evolution has been observed in many experiments. Elena and lenski experiment e. coli was used since it reproduces so rapidly. Even when species become extinct there are still other species similar to them that live on.

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(1 pt each) If the following generally apply to all prokaryotes, write âPâ. If they apply specifically to eukaryotes, write âEâ. If they apply primarily to bacteria, write âBâ, and if they apply primarily to archaea, write âAâ. If it applies to more than one, include letters it applies to. 1 point each.

___P____6. DNA is organized in usually one large, circular chromosome.

____E___7. Cells contain membrane-bound organelles.

____P&B___8. Cell walls are common and contain some amount of peptidoglycan

____B&A___9. Small, circular pieces of DNA called plasmids, which are easily transferred, can often be found in cells.

____E___10. Ribosomes are found in cells and the entire ribosome size is â80Sâ, based on sedimentation rate.

____B&E___11. Phospholipids that comprise cell membrane feature fatty acids that are linked to glycerol by ester linkages.

__A_____12. Cell walls consist of protein/glycoprotein layer called S layer, pseudomurein layer, or in rare cases, only a slime layer outside of membrane(s).

___B&A____13. Typical shapes include bacilli and cocci.

____E___14. Cells have a cell membrane, DNA, and ribosomes.

_____A__15. Reproduction is asexual, and cells do not undergo mitosis or meiosis.

violetoyster507

Question 1

The process by which RNA is synthesized using DNA as a template is â¦

Select one:

a. replication

b. transcription

c. translation

d. inspiration

Question 2

Which of the following occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?

Select one:

a. DNA condenses into chromosomes

b. nuclear envelop disappears

c. homologous chromosomes separate

d. sister chromatids separate

Question 3

Which part of the animal life cycle is haploid?

Select one:

a. gamete

b. zygote

c. sporophyte

d. spore

Question 4

Single celled eukaryotic organisms are â¦

Select one:

a. viruses

b. bacterial

c. archaea

d. protists

Question 5

Which type of cellular division results in the formation of diploid cells from a diploid parent cell?

Select one:

a. mitosis

b. meiosis

c. interphase

d. A and B but not C

e. all of the above

Question 6

A sequence of DNA that codes for a single protein is a â¦

Select one:

a. gene

b. ribosome

c. mRNA

d. none of the above

Question 7

Which of the following is characteristic of animals?

Select one:

a. heterotrophic

b. sexual reproduction

c. embryonic development

d. all of the above

Question 8

All genes have only two possible alleles.

Select one:

True

False

Question 9

The presence of membrane-bound organelles is characteristic of â¦

Select one:

a. prokaryotes

b. viruses

c. bacteria

d. eukaryotes

Question 10

What are the building blocks of proteins?

Select one:

a. fatty acids

b. amino acids

c. nucleic acids

d. all of the above

Question 11

During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?

Select one:

a. Mitosis

b. Interphase

c. Meiosis

d. Replicosis

Question 12

Which of the following characteristic is shared among fungi and animals?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. heterotrophic

c. cell walls

d. absorb nutrients

Question 13

A error in DNA replication that goes unrepaired is a â¦

Select one:

a. chromosome

b. chromatid

c. mutation

d. none of the above

Question 14

Alternate forms of a gene are called ________.

Select one:

a. chromatids

b. chromosomes

c. ribosomal subunits

d. alleles

Question 15

The physical expression of a genotype is the phenotype.

Select one:

True

False

Question 16

In complete dominance, a heterozygous genotype results in â¦

Select one:

a. a recessive phenotype

b. a dominant phenotype

c. a third and unique phenotype

d. none of the above

Question 17

Which theory explains the evolution of eukaryotes from prokaryotes?

Select one:

a. phagocytosis

b. endosymbiosis

c. pinocytosis

d. none of the above

Question 18

Which scientist experimented with plants to describe patterns of inheritance?

Select one:

a. Mendel

b. Chase

c. Einstein

d. Watson

Question 19

Which cellular organelle contains aerobic cellular respiration?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. mitochondria

c. nucleus

d. lysosome

Question 20

Which of the following statements is false?

Select one:

a. Haploid gametes are formed by meiosis

b. Mitosis forms genetically identical daughter cells

c. Mitosis results in the formation of four daughter cells from a single parent cell

d. Mitosis forms diploid daughter cells from a diploid parent cell

Question 21

The first forms of life on Earth were ________.

Select one:

a. plants

b. microorganisms

c. birds

d. dinosaurs

Question 22

Which of the following is used to separate chromosomes during nuclear division?

Select one:

a. cytoskeleton

b. microtubules

c. actin and myosin

d. amoeboid movement

e. all of the above

Question 23

Which generation is most dominant in more primitive plants?

Select one:

a. bryophyte

b. sporophyte

c. gametophyte

d. androphyte

Question 24

Which of the following is characteristic of plants?

Select one:

a. autotrophic

b. contain chloroplasts

c. multicellular

d. all of the above

Question 25

During which phase of mitosis do chromosome line up along the middle of the cell?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 26

During which phase of mitosis does DNA condense into distinct chromosomes?

Select one:

a. prophase

b. metaphase

c. anaphase

d. telophase

Question 27

The process by which DNA is used as a template to make new DNA is â¦

Select one:

a. translation

b. replication

c. transcription

d. allocation

Question 28

Which of the following is characteristic of plant but not animal cells?

Select one:

a. chloroplasts

b. water vacuole

c. cell wall

d. all of the above

Question 29

Which meiotic division is most like mitosis?

Select one:

a. Meiosis I

b. Meiosis II

c. Meiosis III

d. Meiosis IV

Question 30

Which enzyme catalyzes replication?

Select one:

a. DNA polymerase

b. RNA polymerase

c. Ribosome

d. all of the above

BIO 182 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Natural Selection, Guppy, Noncoding Dna

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