PSYC 4030 Lecture Notes - Lecture 11: Chessboard
1 May 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
PSYC 4030
Lecture 11
Gaining Expertise
o What is an expert? Describe the major ways that
experts and novices differ. What was the major
finding of the “chess expert” study of Chase and
Simon (1973)?
Expert: Someone who consistently achieves very high
levels of performance in a domain.
Differences between experts and novices:
• 1) The amount of domain-relevant information experts
can hold in working memory.
o Chase & Simon (1973)
1) Chess Experts vs. Novices
2) Saw chess pieces on a chessboard for 5
seconds in
• 1) a typical game formation
• 2) a random configuration
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Document Summary
Describe the major ways that experts and novices differ. What was the major finding of the chess expert study of chase and. Expert: someone who consistently achieves very high levels of performance in a domain. Differences between experts and novices: 1) the amount of domain-relevant information experts can hold in working memory, chase & simon (1973) 2) saw chess pieces on a chessboard for 5 seconds in: 1) a typical game formation, 2) a random configuration. 3) experts remembered much more than novices in typical configuration (16 vs 4 pieces), but no difference on random configuration (about 3 pieces for both) 4) due to greater chunking , not greater working memory capacity: 2) experts classify problems different o a) Experts tend to focus on underlying principles: b) novices tend to focus on superficial features, 3) experts organize their knowledge differently, a) expert knowledge is organized around domain- relevant concepts (problem categories)
