MODR 1770 Lecture Notes - Ad Hominem, Genetic Fallacy, Straw Man

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1 Oct 2012

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You can bring in: with good reason, pg. 39-40 xerox: bring in the 6 steps (despite them being printed on the test) Steps of test: step 1: find the conclusion: test the conclusion; is it debatable, step 2: at least 2 premises, step 3: name the fallacy. : abusive ad hominem: step 4: give the definition/criterion for the fallacy, step 5: go back to the premises, and state which one of the two the fallacies are located in. Paraphrase that premise: step 6: challenge the argument. This argument violates the relevancy criterion of a good argument. It states that one who states reasons for an argument, must relate that there are direct reasons of conclusion. This makes the fallacy of ad hominem because it attacks a person. He provided a specific emotion instead of giving a reason, which is more convincing based on logic.

Related Questions

2. Get ready

Read the following exchanges between customers and the new Quest tour assistant in Italy.

1. Customer: âDo you recommend the Adventures in Italy tour?â

Tour assistant: âYes. That tour is the best Italian tour Quest offers.â

Customer: âOh, really? Why is that.â

Tour assistant: âIt has the best tour developer at Quest. She was attracted to the Adventures in Italy tour because it has the best reputation. Thatâs because Quest designed it as the best Italian tour they offer.â

2. Customer: âI am thinking about enrolling on the Tuscany tour. Iâd like to take a break from the tour on the third day to visit relatives, and then rejoin the group later. Can I do that?â

Tour assistant: âNo. If I make an exception for you, pretty soon everyone will want to take a break from the tour.â

3. Customer: âThe brochure doesnât list any activities for Sunday. How should I fit that into my budgeting plans?â

Tour assistant: âYou donât need to make any plans. That day is free.â

4. Customer: âI am trying to choose between an Italian tour and one to Scandinavia. Can you send me information about tours to both destinations.â

Tour assistant: âLet me tell youâeveryone loves Italy. Either you take the Italian tour and have the time of your life, or you sign up for another tour and spend your money on a week of disappointments.â

3. Now you try it

In the following space, identify the deductive reasoning fallacy in Conversation 1. Briefly describe how you would change the argument to overcome the fallacy.

Click here to identify the deductive reasoning fallacy.

In the following space, identify the deductive reasoning fallacy in Conversation 2. Briefly describe how you would change the argument to overcome the fallacy.

In the following space, identify the deductive reasoning fallacy in Conversation 3. Briefly describe how you would change the argument to overcome the fallacy.

In the following space, identify the deductive reasoning fallacy in Conversation 4. Briefly describe how you would change the argument to overcome the fallacy.

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2. Get ready

Read the following statements, looking for the inductive reasoning fallacy each uses.

1. I spoke to the new Quest tour assistant in Italy, and she seemed rather disorganized. I think all of Questâs overseas staff are disorganized.

2. The new tour assistant in Italy has poor time management and customer management skills. Clearly, all of her professional skills are poor.

3. Successful tour assistants in other countries drive scooters. If the new tour assistant in Italy wants to be successful, she should drive a scooter.

4. When sales of ice cream go up, the new tour assistant in Italy orders additional brochures.

3. Now you try it

In the following space, identify the inductive reasoning fallacy in each statement. Briefly describe how you would change the argument to overcome the fallacy.

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A statement that is necessarily false, or a group of statements that, taken together, are inconsistent. A) Division B) Suppression C) Questionable Cause D) Contradiction 2. An attack on oneâs opponent rather than oneâs opponentâs argument. A) Faulty Comparison B) Categorical Proposition C) False Dilemma D) Ad Hominem Argument 3. Consciously believing at a deeper level what we know to be dubious. A) Mood B) Conclusion C) Self-Deception D) Irrelevant Reason 4. A limited perspective shaped by the ideas, interests, and kinds of behavior favored by the groups with which we identify. A) Provincialism B) Delusional C) Composition D) Tokenism 5. Drawing conclusions about a population on the basis of a sample that is too small to be a reliable measure of that population. A) Minor Term B) Small Sample C) Suppressed Evidence D) Rationalization 6. Is the following argument valid or invalid? If valid, explain whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why: âMr. Michaels believes that he is the only person on the ballot capable of running our town. He says so time and again in his campaign speeches and ads. What he fails to mention is that he is an alcoholic womanizer with no scruples. Who in their right mind could vote for that?â HTML Editor 7. The fallacy in which it is assumed parts of an item have a particular property because the item as a whole has that property. A) Premise B) Indirect Proof C) Division D) Unrepresentative Sample 8. The fallacious drawing of a conclusion from relevant but insufficient evidence. A) Appeal to Authority B) Hasty Conclusion C) Loyalty D) Middle Term 9. Valid reasoning from justified (warranted) premises that include all likely relevant information. A) Guilt by Association B) Indirect Proof C) Cogent Reasoning D) Contradiction 10. A comparison of one thing to another based on a perceived similarity. A) Indirect Proof B) Analogy C) Two Wrongs Make a Right D) Questionable Cause 11. Is the following argument valid or invalid? If valid, explain whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why: âMrs. Kelvin has accused me of intentionally denting her rear fender. I neither confirm nor deny this, however in telling her story she leaves out an important point. As we were both leaving our driveways that morning, I backed onto the street first. She saw this and then deliberately pulled in front of my vehicle as I was preparing to continue down the street. Mrs. Kelvin intended to cut me off, so what happened to her car was entirely her fault.â HTML Editor 12. Is the following argument valid or invalid? If valid, explain whether it is deductive or inductive. If invalid, explain why: âAfter careful consideration, it is the determination of the board that free soda will no longer be provided in the break room. Before making this decision, a survey was distributed amongst all members of the upper management to determine their opinion on the matter. Based on the majority of responses, it was evident that withdrawing the free soda will not have any significant negative effect on morale.â HTML Editor 13. Use of a term in a passage to mean one thing in one place and something else in another. A) Cogent Reasoning B) Superstition C) Equivocation D) Inconsistent

MODR 1770 Lecture Notes - Ad Hominem, Genetic Fallacy, Straw Man

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