BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Electron Transport Chain, Electrochemical Gradient, Citric Acid Cycle

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emeraldwolf553

9 Nov 2016

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BIO 1000: Cellular respiration

Glycolysis – split sugar into 2 three carbon molecules. Net generation of ATP

Pyruvate oxidation – trasitio etee glyolysis ad ker’s yle. Pyruate oerted ito 

acetyl-CoA (net of 2). 2 NADH produced and 2 CO2 released.

Kre’s Cyle – complete oxidation of glucose. Generate a bit of ATP and electron carriers

Electron Transport Chain – transferring protons (H+) from the matrix to the intermembrane

space creating the proton concentration gradient.

Chemiosmosis – bulk of ATP generation. Harnessing energy present in proton gradient to drive

chemical reactions

In cellular respiration we make a total of 10 NADH and 2 FADH2

for eah NADH e get  ATP’S

for each FADH2 e get  ATP’S

So 10 x 3 = 30 ATP

2 x 2 = 4 ATP

Add that up and you get 34 ATP from chemiosmosis

So the net ATP production is then 34 ATP from oxidative phosphorylation

2 ATP from glycolysis

 ATP fro the to turs of the Kre’s yle

which gives us a grand total of 38 ATP

you must invest 2 ATP

• Per turn of krebs

o ATP – 2

o FADH2 – 2

o NADH – 6

Electron transport chain – inner membrane

o Proton gradient

o NO ATP MADE IN ETC

• Complex 1 = dehydrogenase – oxides NADH (moving of hydrogen)

• Complex 2 = dehydrogenase

• Comples 1 & 4 = allow movement into intermembrane space

• Ubiqinone – shuttle moving from one complex to the next

• Energy releases as you move from complex to complex

• Electron flow goes from high to low electron energy

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Document Summary

Glycolysis split sugar into 2 three carbon molecules. Pyruvate oxidation tra(cid:374)sitio(cid:374) (cid:271)et(cid:449)ee(cid:374) gly(cid:272)olysis a(cid:374)d ker(cid:271)"s (cid:272)y(cid:272)le. Pyru(cid:448)ate (cid:272)o(cid:374)(cid:448)erted i(cid:374)to (cid:1005) acetyl-coa (net of 2). Generate a bit of atp and electron carriers. Electron transport chain transferring protons (h+) from the matrix to the intermembrane space creating the proton concentration gradient. Harnessing energy present in proton gradient to drive chemical reactions. In cellular respiration we make a total of 10 nadh and 2 fadh2 for ea(cid:272)h nadh (cid:449)e get (cid:1007) atp"s for each fadh2 (cid:449)e get (cid:1006) atp"s. Add that up and you get 34 atp from chemiosmosis. So the net atp production is then 34 atp from oxidative phosphorylation.

Related Questions

(31. What is the purpose of cellular respiration/

a. To get O2 into our bodies and to get CO2 out of our bodies

b. To use the energy of sunlight to synthesize sugars

c. To make ATP to power cellular activities d. To hydrolyze ATP

(36. Which of the following accurately describes a distinction between lactic acid fermentation and alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation?

a. Lactic acid fermentation occurs in prokaryotes, whereas alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation occurs in eukaryotes

b. The final electron acceptor in lactic acid fermentation is pyruvate; the final electron acceptor in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation is acetaldehyde

c. In lactic acid fermentation, NADH is produced by glycolysis; in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation, NADH is produced by the Krebs cycle

d. In lactic acid fermentation, cell use CO2 in place of oxygen; in alcoholic (ethanol) fermentation, cells use SO4

(37. Which pathway is see in both fermentation and aerobic respiration?

a. Krebs cycle

b. Electron transport

c. Glycolysis d. Pyruvate oxidation

(50. How many molecules of carbon dioxide (CO2) would be produced with 5 turns of the cirtic acid cycle?

a. 2

b. 5

c. 10

d. 12

e. 60

lilaccrocodile636

Why does an electron have lower potential energy in an H-O bondthan in an O=O bond?

H has a higher electronegativity than O.

O=O is not stable.

O=O contains a double bond.

The electrons are closer to the oxygen atom in the H-O bond.

None of the answers are correct.

How is the energy from the electron transport chain used mostdirectly?

to form the bonds of a water molecule

to pump hydrogen ions across the mitochondrial inner membraneinto the mitochondrial intermembrane space

to join ADP with a phosphate

to decompose glucose into pyruvate

to rotate ATP synthase

Which process provides the energy needed to pump protons acrossthe mitochondrial membrane during oxidative phosphorylation?

the transfer of electrons in redox reactions

the breakdown of ATP to ADP

the rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

oxidation of isocitrate

None of the answers are correct.

What causes the ATP synthase rotor to spin?

the passing of electrons through ATP synthase

the movement of protons across the mitochondrial membrane

the movement of electrons across the mitochondrial membrane

the synthesis of ATP from ADP and a phosphate group

None of the answers are correct.

What of the following generates the proton-motive force duringoxidative phosphorylation?

buildup of NADH molecules at protein complex I

movement of H⁺ ions across the mitochondrial membraneduring electron transport

rotation of the ATP synthase rotor

joining of H⁺ ions with oxygen to form water

None of the answers are correct.

Suppose a microorganism invades a cell, causing damage to ATPsynthase. How would cellular respiration be affected?

Electrons could not be passed down the electron transportchain.

ADP could not be joined with a phosphate to form ATP.

Hydrogen ions could not be pumped into the mitochondrialintermembrane space.

The cell could not release any energy from the glucosemolecule.

Glucose could not be broken down into pyruvate.

Which molecules transport electrons from the citric acid cycleto the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH₂

ATP and ADP

GTP and GDP

oxaloacetate and citric acid

None of the answers are correct.

Which type of reactions control the energy release from glucoseduring the citric acid cycle?

acid-base reactions

redox reactions

random reactions

All answers are correct.

None of the answers are correct.

What is the role of NAD⁺ in cellular respiration?

to receive electrons from the citric acid cycle and deliver themto the electron transport chain

to catalyze the synthesis of ATP from ADP

to accumulate in the mitochondrial intermembrane space tofacilitate ATP synthesis

to serve as a substrate to bind to acetyl-CoA at the beginningof the citric acid cycle

None of the answers are correct.

10.

Which molecule enters the citric acid cycle?

glucose

pyruvate

ATP

acetyl-CoA

None of the answers are correct.

apricotgoose897

_____What is added to a molecule such as ADP when it is phosphorylated?

_____ An anaerobic process in which pyruvate is converted to lactate

_____ A biochemical process that breaks down food molecules to produce other molecules for cellular maintenance.

_____What is the final end product of Glycolysis?

_____ Refers to the potential energy provided by a large hydrogen-cation concentration gradient, and itâs movement across a biological membrane during chemiosmosis.

_____ A molecule that transfers or shuttles electrons during redox reactions.

_____ An organism that can survive in the presence or absence of oxygen.

_____ A type of enzyme that teams with NAD⁺ to remove hydrogen atoms with their electrons.

_____ The loss of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A process in which ATP is produced using the energy stored in concentration gradients.

_____ The products produced during a biochemical reaction that fall between the starting molecule and the end product.

_____ Biochemical process in which a glucose molecule is degraded to two pyruvates.

_____ Short for âreduction/oxidationâ reactions

_____How many pyruvate molecules are produced from a single Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate?

_____ The formation of ATP occurring when an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic molecule to ADP.

_____ Organisms that will die in the presence of oxygen.

_____ A term referring to the presence of oxygen.

_____ A series of electron-carrier molecules that shuttle electrons during the redox reactions that release energy used to make ATP.

_____ A biochemical process in which pyruvate is produced without the presence of oxygen.

20._____ The metabolic cycle that is fueled by Acetyl CoEnzyme A; occurs in the matrix of the mitochondria and supplies most of the NADH molecules that carry energy to the electron transport chain.

_____What is the chemical formula for Cellular Respiration?

_____What environmental condition is necessary for Anaerobic Respiration to occur?

_____Where does the Electron Transport Chain occur in the mitochondria?

_____Where does Glycolysis occur in a cell?

_____ An anaerobic process in which CO₂ is released as a byproduct and ethanol is produced as a product.

_____Where does the Krebs cycle occur in the mitochondria?

_____ The gain of electrons from one molecule to another.

_____ A high-energy fuel molecule that begins the Citric Acid Cycle.

_____What condition is necessary of Aerobic Respiration to occur?

_____ A term referring to the absence of oxygen.

_____What compound is derived from B vitamins, and helps the Acetyl portion of Acetyl CoA into the Krebs Cycle?

_____What is the name of the molecule that channels protons, providing the energy necessary to phosphorylate ADP to ATP?

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from 3 NADH molecules.

_____In the blank, write the number of ATP^âs that can be synthesized from a single FADH₂ molecule.

_____What is the final electron acceptor in cellular respiration?

_____What molecule is regenerated during the process of the Krebs Cycle?

_____What enzyme is used to catalyzed the reaction that occurs during the formation of Acetyl CoA?

_____How many pyruvates are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____How many Acetyl CoA molecules are produced from a single glucose molecule?

_____What is the reduced form of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide?

_____What is the oxidized form of Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide?

42._____ A membrane protein that is used in conjunction with chemiosmosis to produced ATP.

I know that this alot of questions, but it's kinda a last ditch effort. these are the last 42 definitions i have left to answer out of 500 question for my final exam study guide. so whatever help i can get is fine. No explanations needed just what each definition is explaining and thanks in advance ladies and gentlemen.

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BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Electron Transport Chain, Electrochemical Gradient, Citric Acid Cycle

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