BIOL 1000 Final: SUMMARY SHEETS AND ANSWERS TO PRACTICE QUESTIONS

1)Pyruvate is one of the products of glycolysis that can be used by aerobic organisms to extract additional energy. Explain what happens to pyruvate after glycolysis, name the multi-enzyme complex that catalyzes this reaction, and name the cycle that the product feeds into.

2)Suppose you start with 1 molecule of glucose and go through glycolysis to produce 2 molecules of pyruvate. These 2 molecules of pyruvate are then converted into acetyl CoA which then go through the TCA cycle. Theoretically, how many total ATP can be formed through this process? (Account for NADH/FADH₂ produced). Show where each molecule of ATP is generated from.

3)Name the five types of membrane-bound electron carriers. All of the redox centers within the respiratory chain that accept and donate electrons are prosthetic groups except which?

4)Peroxisomes are the site of what? What properties do peroxisomes share with mitochondria?

Q1:

Enzymes are essential for the conversion of organic molecules in biochemical pathways. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Enzymes reduce the activation energy of chemical reactions.

Enzymes are catalysts and appear unchanged at the end of the reaction.

Enzymes change the equilibrium of a reaction.

Enzymes form a complex with the substrate.

Enzymes facilitate both the conversion of substrates into products and of products into substrates.

Q2:

NADH and NADPH are important energy carriers in biochemical pathways. Which of the following statements about these compounds is incorrect?

NADP+ is reduced by two electrons (involving 2 protons) from photosystem I to form NADPH + H+.

NADH is produced both during glycolysis and in the TCA cycle.

NADH feeds electrons into the respiratory chain of mitcohondria, which are ultimately used to form water.

In the absence of oxygen NADH produced during glycolysis is reoxidised by formation of lactate from pyruvate or by formation of ethanol from acetaldehyde (fermentation).

The majority of NADH produced during oxidation of glucose (in the presence of oxygen) is generated during glycolysis.

Q3:

The respiratory chain converts the reducing power of NADH into the production of ATP. Which of the following statements is incorrect?

Electrons are passed through the respiratory chain in a way to optimise the production of heat.

The complexes of the respiratory chain use the energy of redox reactions to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

The ATP synthase uses the protonmotive force to synthesize ATP.

The principle of energy conversion by respiratory chain and ATP synthase is called “chemiosmosis”.

The electrons from NADH are passed along the respiratory chain in a number of redox reactions mostly involving complexes

Question 1

Which of the following statements regarding photosynthesis and cellular respiration is true?

Question 2

How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration?

Question 3

During redox reactions

Question 4

Oxidation is the ________, and reduction is the ________.

Question 5

During cellular respiration, NADH

Question 6

A drug is tested in the laboratory and is found to create holes in both mitochondrial membranes. Scientists suspect that the drug will be harmful to human cells because it will inhibit

Question 7

Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism?

Question 8

Which of the following is a result of glycolysis?