BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Energy Carrier, Nicotinamide, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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lavendershark790

22 Oct 2016

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Cellular respiration: metabolic rxn in body that break down food molecules (carbohydrates, fats, proteins) & uses free energy to synthesize atp (form of chemical energy required for anabolic reactions). Purpose- transfer potential energy found in organic molecules into a form that can be used for metabolic processes (atp) Light energy is used to extract electrons from water then combine w/hydrogen to reduce carbon dioxide to produce glucose. By product of photosynthesis is oxygen which is needed for respiration. Life is cycle of electron flow powered by light in photosynthesis & oxidation in cellular respiration. Glucose & gasoline are good food sources b/c of lots c-h bonds. Electrons can be removed easily to perform work. Molecules (o2) contain more oxygen to hydrogen contain less potential energy b/c oxygen is strongly electronegative. Low energy electrons from water are pushed to high energy levels by absorbing light energy. Electrons are used to reduce co2 to carbohydrates like glucose & organic molecules.

Related Questions

The complete set of reactions carried out by an organism is called:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 2

The breakdown of starch is broken down to glucose is an example of:

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 3

For the following statement, determine which description best describes the process: DNA is synthesized from free nucleotides.

a. anabolism

b. catabolism

c. metabolism

Value: 4

Fill in the blank: Catabolic reactions result in the synthesis of molecules of .............via cellular respiration. This is then used to power anabolic reactions.

Value: 5

The energy in organic molecules is released in a series of steps because:

a. it is not possible to release it in a single step.

b. more total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step

c. less total energy is released in multiple steps than would be released in a single step.

d. more energy can be harvested for cellular use in multiple steps than from a single step.

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photosynthesis

1-The light reaction of photosynthesis does not include

a. chemiosmosis

b. oxygen liberation

c. glucose synthesis

d. electron transport

Value: 2

Photosynthesis takes place in the membranes of small sacs called

a. thylakoids

b. photosystems

c. stroma

d. photons

Value: 3

During what stage of photosynthesis is O2 produced?

a. the light-dependent reactions involving photosystems I and II

b. carbon fixation

c. the Krebs cycle

d. O2 is not produced during photosynthesis

Value: 4

The pigment molecules responsible for photosynthesis are located in the

a. mitochondria

b. cytoplasm of the cell

c. stroma of the chloroplast

d. thylakoid membrane of the chloroplast

Value: 5

During what stage of photosynthesis are ATP and NADPH converted to ADP + Pi and NADP+?

a. the light-dependent reactions

b. the light-independent reactions

c. both of the above

d. none of the above

Value: 6

What energy-rich organic compound is produced as a result of the Calvin cycle?

a. ATP

b. NADPH

c. glucose

d. H2O

Value: 7

During photosynthesis, photons raise electrons to higher energy levels. These excited electrons belong to what compound?

a. water

b. ATP

c. chlorophyll

d. electron transport chain

Value: 8

Which of the following statements accurately describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a. photosynthesis occurs only in autotrophs; cellular respiration occurs only in heterotrophs

b. photosynthesis uses solar energy to convert inorganics to energy-rich organics; respiration breaks down energy-rich organics to synthesize ATP

c. photosynthesis involves the oxidation of glucose; respiration involves the reduction of CO2

d. the primary function of photosynthesis is to use solar energy to synthesize ATP; the primary function of cellular respiration is to break down ATP and release energy

1. All of the following are correct descriptions of photosynthesis except:

A) The Calvin Cycle is endergonic.

B) Electrons are supplied to the reaction center via the splitting of water, which yields O2 as a byproduct

C) Chlorophyll and accessory pigments capture energy from the sun in the form of electrons, which they use to drive the electron transport chains of photosystems I and II.

D) ATP and NADPH generated in the light-dependent reactions are used to power CO2 fixation via the Calvin cycle in the light-independent reactions.

2. In glycolysis and the TCA cycle, glucose is _____ down to CO2; this process _____ lots of ATP and reducing power. In photosynthesis, CO2 is ______ back to sugar by the _______ of lots of ATP and reducing power.

A) reduced; requires; oxidized; production

B) oxidized; requires; reduced; production

C) oxidized; produces; reduced; input

D) reduced; produced; oxidized; input

3. Which description accurately compares cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

A) Photosynthesis uses energy captured from sunlight to power the reduction of carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration oxidizes sugars to yield energy for the cell.

B) The ATP produced via cellular respiration is needed to power the reactions of photosynthesis

C) The pathways of photosynthesis are those of cellular respiration run in reverse.

D) Photosynthesis captures energy from sunlight to oxidize carbon dioxide to sugars; cellular respiration reduces these sugars to yield energy for the cell.

......Use the following to feel out the sentense: cycled, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, oxygen, carbon dioxide, ATP

During ____________ , mitochondria break down carbohydrates to produce energy that is used to make ____________ .

This process requires ____________ and carbohydrates, and produces ____________ and water.

During ____________ , chloroplasts use water and ____________ to create carbohydrates.

This process requires ____________ and water, which are byproducts from ____________ .

In turn, it produces ____________ and carbohydrates that are used in ____________ .

In this manner, the flow of energy is ____________ between chloroplasts and mitochondria.

..........use the following to feel out each sentense: from, oxidized, photosynthesis, cellular respiration, gains, to, loses, reduced.

During ____________ , hydrogen atoms are transferred ____________ water ____________ carbon dioxide as glucose forms.

Thus, during ____________ , carbon dioxide is ____________ , while water is ____________ . In other words, carbon dioxide ____________ electrons and water ____________ electrons.

During ____________ , glucose is ____________ as oxygen is ____________ , becoming water.

In each of these reactions, while one molecule loses electrons (is ____________ ), another gains electrons (is ____________ ); thus, each of these metabolic pathways includes redox reactions: coupled reduction and oxidation reactions.

..........use the following to feel out the sentenses: increase, conservation of energy, first of thermodynamics, input, decrease, laws of thermodynamics, secod law of thermodynamics, heat

The ____________ explain energy flow and energy conservation and can be applied to biological systems.

The ____________ states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, also known as the law of ____________ .

The ____________ states that energy is lost when it is converted from one form to another, often in the form of ____________ .

As cells go through transformations, they ____________ the total entropy of the universe, resulting in a ____________ in available energy.

For example, photosynthesis in plants requires an energy ____________ to turn carbon dioxide and water into sugar because there is a ____________ in entropy.

BIOL 1000 Lecture Notes - Lecture 16: Energy Carrier, Nicotinamide, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide

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