KP231 Lecture 5: KP231 Lecture 5

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maroondeer323

26 Sep 2018

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Mental illness indirectly a ects all canadians at some time through a family member, friend, or colleague. In any given year, 1 in 5 people in canada will personally experience a mental health problem or illness. Mental illness a ects people of all ages, education, income levels and cultures. 8% of adults will experience major depression at some time in their lives. About 1% of canadians will experience bipolar disorder or manic depression. By age 40, around 50% of the population will have or have had a mental illness. Schizophrenia a ects 1% of the canadian population. Anxiety disorders a ect 5% of the household population, causing mild to sever impairment. Suicide accounts for 24% of all deaths among 15-24 year olds and 16% among. Suicide is one of the leading causes of death in both women and men from adolescence to middle age. Mortality rate due to suicide among men is four times the rate among women.

Related Questions

Question 39
Efforts by ________ led to mental health care reform and some of the first mental asylums in the United States.

Carl Rogers

Philippe Pinel

Dorothea Dix

Question 40
Deondra is a psychologist who prefers to listen to her clients and help them identify conflicts and feelings without offering them advice. She probably practices ________ therapy.

behavioral

cognitive

humanistic

Question 41
Denise is going through a divorce with her husband and transfers all the negative emotions associated with her ex-husband with her therapist. This is called

free association.

the Oedipus complex.

transference.

Question 42
Which institutions were created to house, and remove, people with psychological disorders?

churches

mental health centers

asylums

Question 43
When is electroconvulsive therapy shown to be effective?

in treating those with with schizophrenia

in treating people with anxiety disorders.

in treating those with severe depression

Question 44
Which is an example of overgeneralization?

Shiloh didnât get a date to Homecoming and thinks in extremes, like, âI will die alone.â

Shiloh was hoping that Remington would ask her to Homecoming, but when he asks another girl instead Shilow thinks, âRemington mustâve noticed when I laughed during class the other day. I have a weird laugh, and now he doesnât like me.â

Shiloh didnât get asked to the Homecoming dance and instead of thinking that it was just the first dance and she is still adjusting to her new school, she thinks, âI am such a loser. No one wants to even be my friend.â

Question 45
Approximately what percentage of homeless adults living in shelters experience mental illness?

12%

35%

26%

Question 46
Serotonin and norepinephrine levels in the the brain are altered by drugs like Prozac and Zoloft. These are known as

antipsychotics

mood stabilizers

anti-depressants

Question 47
Which is an example of all-or-nothing thinking?

Shiloh didnât get a date to Homecoming and thinks in extremes, like, âI will die alone.â

Question 48
If Henry gets help for his alcoholism and is given the drug Antabuse to take before drinking. He gets uncomfortable and sick every time he drinks, which is teaching him to dislike alcohol. This is an example of

exposure therapy

systematic desensitization

aversive conditioning.

Question 49
If a psychologist does little talking during his appointments and typically has his patients talk about their past, childhood, and whatever else comes to mind at that moment, he probably uses the ________ therapy approach.

humanistic

behavioral

psychodynamic

Question 50
Johnson often recommends lithium to her patients with bipolar disorder. This exemplifies ________ therapy.

cognitive

humanistic

biomedical

QUESTION 1 1. The relative importance or burden of a disease within a population will depend on a number of factors including : A. Disease frequency B. Disease severity C. Disease consequences D. All of the above

QUESTION 2 1 . With the epidemiologic transition, there is a reduction in malnutrition and _____ . A. Communicable diseases B. Injuries C. Non-communicable chronic diseases D. Mental health disorders

QUESTION 3 1. A major challenge to developing a burden of disease profile in low and middle-income countries relates to A. Unwillingness to share complete information B. Conflicting disease definitions C. Challenges obtaining information related to cause of death D. All of the above

QUESTION 4 1. The demographic transition describes which of the following changes to society A. Changes in birth and death rates that reflect a modern society B. Declines in mortality followed by a reduction in fertility C. A change in the age structure of the population D. All of the above

QUESTION 5 1. Measures of health status that combine mortality and morbidity data A. Facilitate comparisons both within and across populations B. Help estimate the quantitative health benefits from interventions C. Serve as tools to assist with resource allocation D. All of the above

QUESTION 6 1. The disability-adjusted life year is defined as A. A health gap population summary measure that combines time lost due to disability with that lost due to death B. A measure to compare the gap between the current situation to that of an ideal situation C. A measure that combines the amount of healthy life lost due to morbidity with that lost due to injury. D. Answers B and C

QUESTION 7 1. True or false? A key limitation to mortality-based indicators is that they fail to account for the morbidity caused by disease. True False

QUESTION 8 1. The most widely used composite measure of population health is the DALY, and this epidemiological measure is the sum of morbidity and ________data. A. Years of life lost (YLL) B. Morbidity C. Infant mortality rates (IMR) D. none of the above

QUESTION 9 1. What would be the best source of information on adult and infant mortality (in high income countries)? A. Disease registers B. Vital statistics C. Special survey study D. Hospital clinic statistics

QUESTION 10 1. Which term is best used to describe the proportion of people in a population who have a defined disease at a specific point of time? A. DALY B. Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence

QUESTION 11 1. Which term is best used to describe new cases of disease occurring in a population? A. DALY B. Incidence C. Mortality rate D. Prevalence

QUESTION 12 1. Which term is used to describe the absence or presence of illness or disease? A. Demography B. Morbidity C. Mortality D. Vitality

QUESTION 13 1. Mortality (death indicators) include: A. Mortality rate B. Infant mortality rate C. Neonatal morality rate D. All of the above

QUESTION 14 1. True or false? The value of life is often implicit in the way resource allocation decisions are made, which suggests that these decisions should be as explicit, open, and transparent as possible. True False

QUESTION 15 1. _________________is projected as the number one leading cause of disease burden in 2030. A. Ischemic heart disease B. Diabetes mellitus C. HIV/AIDS D. Unipolar depression

QUESTION 16 1. Some of the negative aspects of globalization include A. Greater insecurity of employment B. Poorer housing and sanitation due to rapid urbanization C. Greater vulnerability to environmental degradation D. All of the above

QUESTION 17 1. Current concerns about climate change focus on several developments including A. Rising global average land and sea surface temperature B. Increasing frequency of extreme weather conditions C. Both A and B D. None of the above

QUESTION 18 1. True or false? Diseases carried by mosquitoes are especially sensitive to meteorological conditions because they are vulnerable to changes in the ambient temperature. As a result of changing temperatures, infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue have decreased in incidence and geographic range. True False

QUESTION 19 1. True or false? International cooperation of infectious disease control has a long history that includes obligatory reporting of outbreaks of specific diseases. However, compliance with obligatory reporting has been poor due to economic consequences that have often accompanied notification of disease outbreaks. True False

QUESTION 20 1. True or false? Globalization is a relatively new phenomenon that began in the mid-20th century. True False

Part II 1.The California Occupational Mortality study data set was employed to assess mortality data for the years 1979-1981. A 2% sample of employed persons from the 1980 census of California was used. It contains the occupation of each person who had died. This study, like any occupation-based study, is restricted to the work life span as far as age of subjects is concerned. This study used ages 16-64 years. Certain persons, because of their source of work, were excluded as subjects: homemakers, retired persons, students, disabled, military personnel, etc. Only main-stream-type employment was used in this study to establish occupations at risk for heavy alcohol drinking. Using the Table below, answer the following:

1.What occupations are most vulnerable to acquiring cirrhosis of the liver from heavy drinking?

2.List several of the occupations identified by the research studies that are more vulnerable to alcohol-induced, cirrhosis related deaths and that have the highest mortality rates.

3. What are possible confounding variables for the research in occupations and heavy drinking that lead to fatal diseases?

4. Based on available research data, develop and construct a web of causation along with the appropriate decision trees for occupational group-related alcohol deaths.

Table. Alcohol Related Deaths in California, 1979-1981 Cirrhosis 5.5% Digestive organ cancers 5.7% Injuries 13.7% Suicide and homicide 5.% All other causes 64.9% 2. Zika and microcephaly Since May 2015,

Brazil has experienced a significant outbreak of Zika virus. In recent years, Brazilian officials reported an increase in the number of babies born with microcephaly.

1. Briefly describe what we know and what we do not know about Zika virus.

2. What has been done and what should be done to prevent Zika virus epidemic in US and world-wide?

Multiple Choice

5. Which of the following statements describes the major advantages of a randomized clinical trial? a. It avoids observer bias b. It lends itself to ethical justification c. It yields results replicable in other patients d. It rules out self-selection of participants to the different treatment groups d. It enrolls representative patients

6. A survey conducted in England revealed that of 224 families in which there had been a known case of poliomyelitis, 56 maintained parakeets as a family pet. In another British survey, 30 out of 99 poliomyelitis patients questioned kept parakeets. The inference that there is some relationship between the presence of a parakeet in a household and the occurrence of poliomyelitis among household members is a. Correct b. Incorrect because of failure to distinguish between incidence and prevalence c. Incorrect because a proportionate ratio is used when a rate is required to support the inference d. Incorrect because a failure to recognize a possible cohort phenomenon e. Incorrect because there is no control or comparison group.

7. An investigator determines the correlation coefficient between triglyceride levels and degree of atherosclerosis in sampled blood vessels to be +1.67. On the basis of this you would conclude that: a. Triglyceride level is a good predictor of atherosclerosis b. Triglyceride level is not a good predictor of atherosclerosis c. High triglyceride levels cause atherosclerosis d. Atherosclerosis cause high triglyceride levels e. The investigator has incorrectly determined the correlation coefficient

8. A screening test of known sensitivity and specificity is applied to two populations. The prevalence of the disease being screened for is 10% in population A and is 1% in population B. Which of the following is true? a. The percent of all negative tests that have false-negative results is lower in population A than in population B. b. Specificity is lower in population A than in population B. c. Reliability is higher in population A than in population B. d. The percent of all positive tests that have false-positive results is lower in population A than in population B. e. Specificity is higher in population A than in population B.

9. Serum cholesterol levels are obtained for four healthy men. The probability that all will fall below the 10th percentile of the distribution of cholesterol for healthy males is: a. 0.4 b. 1 â (0.1)4 c. (0.1)4 d. (0.9)4 e. Cannot be determined from these data

10. In a diabetes screening program, the screening level for a positive blood sugar level in test 1 is set at 160 mg/dl, and in test 2 at 130 mg/dl. The sensitivity is: a. Greater in test 1 b. Greater in test 2 c. Equal in test 1 and 2 d. Dependent on the size of the population being evaluated

KP231 Lecture 5: KP231 Lecture 5

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