EC120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Average Cost, Average Variable Cost, Marginal Revenue

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17 Feb 2017

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Learn the meaning of average total cost and marginal cost and how they are related. Consider the shape of typical cost curves. Examine the difference between short and long-run cost curves. Land buildings and equipment could be sold or expanded. Costs that are fixed in the short-run are variable in the long-run. Average total cost curves are different n the long-run. Lr- atc has a flatter shape than sr-atc. Goods offered by sellers are largely the same (homogeneous goods) Firms do not affect prices: all production is sold at market place) At any given price, add up quantity: market supply is number of firm-level, market supply is a number of firms multiplied by firm-level supply. Long run - > firms may enter and exit. Assume all firms have access to the same technology. If existing firms profitable new firms will enter. If existing firms making a loss some firms will exit. Entry/exit -> firms each zero profits in the long-run.

Related Questions

10-When marginal cost is greater than average total cost,
A. Average total cost must be increasing with output
B. Average variable cost must be decreasing with output
C. Average fixed cost must be increasing with output
D. Marginal cost must be increasing with output

11-If a firm's demand curve falls below its AVC curve, then the firm should
A. Shut down now
B. Operate in the short run but not the long run
C. Set price = marginal cost
D. Shutdown in the long-run

12- The demand curve facing a perfectly competitive firm is
A. Upward sloping
B. Perfectly inelastic
C. Downward sloping
D. Perfectly elastic

13-If the demand curve falls below the ATC curve but lies above AVC, then the firm should
A. Should shut down
B. Operate in the short run but not the long run
C. Set price = marginal cost
D. Operate in the short run and the long run

14-At the output where MC = ATC = P, the perfectly competitive firm
A. Should shutdown
B. Has no economic profit
C. Is not profit maximizing
D. Should raise output

ivorybee159

Consider a market with many firms that have different cost structures.

Unless shutdown or exit is optimal, every firm expands production until ___________.

marginal product is maximized.

B. marginal revenue, marginal cost, and price are all equal

(MR = MC = P)

C. marginal revenue is equal to the minimum of the short-run average total cost.

D. marginal cost is minimized.

To construct the supply curve in a market with many firms with different cost structures, the ___________.

individual supply curves for each firm are added together.

individual average variable cost curves are added together.

minimums of theâ firms' marginal cost curves are linked together.

minimums of theâ firms' long-run average total cost curves are linked together.

The equilibrium price is the ___________.

âlong-run average total cost of the last entrant into the market.

the average marginal cost of the firms.

the long-run average total cost of the first entrant into the market.

minimum of the average variable cost of the smallest firm in the market.

In terms of economic profits, early market entrants earn

(negative

zero

positive)

economic profits and the last entrant earns

(negative

zero

positive)

economic profits.

A perfectly competitive firm will choose to shut down when the (price (marginal revenue)/ average total cost) intersects the marginal cost curve below the ( total cost curve average variable cost curve ).

Therefore, the short-run supply curve for a perfectly competitive firm is represented by __________.

A. the portion of the average variable cost curve below marginal cost. B. the portion of the average variable cost curve above marginal cost. C. the portion of the marginal cost curve above the average total cost. D. the portion of the marginal cost curve above average variable cost.

In the long run, the supply curve for a perfectly competitive firm is represented by __________.

A. the portion of the marginal cost curve above the average total cost. B. the portion of the marginal cost curve above average variable cost. C. the portion of the average variable cost curve below marginal cost. D. the portion of the average variable cost curve above marginal cost.

mauvemacaw466

Q8. To arrive at a logical determination of a firm's optimum output, economists assume that the firm seeks to
a. maximize output
b. minimize cost
c. maximize profit or minimize loss
d. maximize price

Q9. So long as marginal cost is rising, average variable cost must rise.
a. true
b. false

Q10. As output increases, marginal cost increases, reaches a maximum, and then falls.
a. true
b. false

Q11. Which of the following is the best example of variable cost?
a. depreciation on a building
b. property taxes
c. wages
d. rent paid for one's building

Q12. If the AVC is $12, the AFC is $4, the AR is $20, and output is 6,000 units, the total profit is
a. $72,000
b. $48,000
c. $24,000
d. negative $96,000

Q13. Under perfect competition, if a firm is suffering a loss,
a. MR exceeds ATC
b. AR equals AVC
c. AR equals ATC
d. AR is less than ATC

Q14. Elaine's firm is in a perfectly competitive industry. Why doesn't Elaine try to sell more of her product by lowering its price below the market price?
a. her demand curve is not elastic
b. doing so would be considered unethical price chiseling
c. her competitors would not allow it
d. she can sell all she wants at the market price

Q15. In the long run, perfect competition results in firms producing
a. at the minimum point of their long-run average cost curves, which indicates allocative efficiency
b. where price equals marginal cost, which indicates economic efficiency
c. where price equals marginal cost, which indicates the optimal scale of operation
d. at the minimum point of their long-run average cost curves, which indicates economic efficiency

Q16. On a graph of average cost curves, the space between ATC and AVC represents AFC.
a. true
b. false

Q18. If MC equals MR at a point greater than ATC, the perfectly competitive firm will
a. sustain a loss
b. shut down
c. make an economic profit
d. expand output

Q19. Since all producers have the same average revenue under conditions of perfect competition, they all have the same profits in the short run.
a. true
b. false

Q20. If the entry of new firms in a perfectly competitive industry substantially increases the market demand for resources,
a. this reduces the market price of resources
b. this raises the market price of resources
c. the market price of resources does not change
d. this lowers the ATC curves of individual firms

Q22. Under conditions of perfect competition, profits exist whenever AR is above AVC at equilibrium output.
a. true
b. false

Q23. Under perfect competition, market price is determined by market demand and supply.
a. true
b. false

Q24. If one firm in a perfectly competitive industry is somehow able to produce at a lower cost than competing firms in the short run,
a. the competing firms will adopt similar production techniques in the long run
b. the more efficient firm will earn higher profits than the competing firms in the long run
c. the competing firms will earn higher profits than the more efficient firm in the short run
d. the competing firms will go out of business in the long run

EC120 Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Average Cost, Average Variable Cost, Marginal Revenue

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