Psychology 2320A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Autism Spectrum, Autism, Asperger Syndrome
29 Apr 2018
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Lecture 9
Autistic Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
ASD: HISTORICAL OVERVIEW
• 1911: term autism oied y Bleuler to refer to shizophrei idiiduals ho’d lost
contact with reality
• 1940s: Kanner & Asperger described children with AD-like impairments
– Children who were disengaged socially, little eye contact, language
– Asperger’s saple less ipaired i ters of laguage
• DSM-III
– Autistic disorder and childhood PDD only (2 PDDs total)
• DSM-IV
– Asperger’s and others added (5 PDDs total)
– Newer diagnoses tended to capture milder forms of AD
• DSM-5
– Radical reduction in number of PDDs (2 main PDDs)
ASD: DSM-5
• Deficits in social communication and interaction
– “oial‐eotioal reiproity (e.g., abnormal social approach, failure of normal
conversation, lack of initiation of interaction)
– Nonverbal communication (e.g., poorly integrated verbal/nonverbal comm.,
abnormal eye contact/body language, lack of facial expression/gestures)
– Developing/maintaining relationships e.g., a’t adjust ehaior to differet
social contexts, difficulties in sharing imaginative play/making friends, apparent
absence of interest in people)
• Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities
– Stereotyped or repetitive speech (echolalia), motor movements, or use of
objects
– Excessive adherence to routines, ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal
behavior
– Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
– Hyper‐or hypo‐reatiity to sesory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects
of environment
o Specific brand of food, specific event, etc.
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
ASD: ASSOCIATED FEATURES
• Impaired social imitation e.g., a’t say a stik is a fake gu
• Poor joint attention (e.g., do’t give a rap the door just slammed)
• Poor orienting to social stimuli (e.g., failure to responding to their name)
• Poor face perception
• Deficits in emotion perception, recognition, expression (e.g., facial affect blends)
• Less symbolic play
A “AME OR DIFFERENT TA“K
AD<controls AD= controls
Pic of eyes: Children with ASD and unaffected siblings spend less time looking at a person’s eyes
than do control subjects
*do fine if not face
• Pragmatic language most impaired
• Perseveration, echolalia
• Inappropriate shifting of topics
• Impairments in perspective-taking
- all these proleati eh’rs= theory of id? = have a prole i perspetive ad uderstadig people’s fae
• Executive functioning impairments
– Not specific to AD
• Abnormal attention orienting
– Maintenance of attention is normal
• Memory impairment (cannot categorize—fruits vs. GOT characters)
• Impairments in abstract thinking
– Poor generalization
• Weak central coherence (problems fitting components into a whole)
Contrast ASD with ADHD
- e.g., ASD do not orientate to stimuli whereas ADHD too much
EMBEDDED FIGURES TEST… poor etral oheree------
ASD: PREVELANCE
• Following DSM-IV….
– AD: 10-22/10K
– Asperger’s: /K
– All PDDs: 60/10K
• Rates have increased in recent years … hy?
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
Document Summary
Asd: historical overview: 1911: term (cid:862)autism(cid:863) (cid:272)oi(cid:374)ed (cid:271)y bleuler to refer to s(cid:272)hizophre(cid:374)i(cid:272) i(cid:374)di(cid:448)iduals (cid:449)ho"d lost contact with reality, 1940s: kanner & asperger described children with ad-like impairments. Children who were disengaged socially, little eye contact, language. Asperger"s sa(cid:373)ple less i(cid:373)paired i(cid:374) ter(cid:373)s of la(cid:374)guage: dsm-iii, dsm-iv, dsm-5. Autistic disorder and childhood pdd only (2 pdds total) Asperger"s and others added (5 pdds total) Newer diagnoses tended to capture milder forms of ad. Radical reduction in number of pdds (2 main pdds) Asd: dsm-5: deficits in social communication and interaction. O(cid:272)ial e(cid:373)otio(cid:374)al re(cid:272)ipro(cid:272)ity (e. g. , abnormal social approach, failure of normal conversation, lack of initiation of interaction) Nonverbal communication (e. g. , poorly integrated verbal/nonverbal comm. , abnormal eye contact/body language, lack of facial expression/gestures) Developing/maintaining relationships (cid:894)e. g. , (cid:272)a(cid:374)"t adjust (cid:271)eha(cid:448)ior to differe(cid:374)t social contexts, difficulties in sharing imaginative play/making friends, apparent absence of interest in people) Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities.
