Kinesiology 3339A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Citric Acid Cycle, Tripeptide, Starvation Response

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12 Dec 2018

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Proteins: made up of amino acids (20; different combinations make up different proteins) Order of aa determined by the genetic information in the dna which directs the synthesis of that particular protein. Each aa contains carbon, oxygen, hydrogen & nitrogen (two also contain sulfur) (8) protein. Indispensable macronutrient, example is that plant sources are better than animal sources sometimes. Depending on the type of molecule there are different types of dna being produced. Each amino acid is carbon, oxygen and hydrogen which is similar to cho and fats. Protein is different than other macronutrients because proteins have nitrogen in it, contains the base which helps determine how much protein is in the sample of food. By measuring nitrogen only, you can figure out how much protein. So when measuring nitrogen, you can measure nitrogen by digesting it in acid. Breaks it down and releases nitrogen in the food sample to figure out how much protein is in there.

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Acetyl CoA is the beginning of a metabolic pathway that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production. When you starve, which of the following will produce the most Acetyl CoA?

Protein, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism all produce the same amount

Free Oxygen radicals

Protein metabolism

Lipid metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism

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Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

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The drug, cannabis, which is produced by the marijuana plant, is a byproduct of which reaction?

Dark reaction

Light reaction

Oxidative phosphorylation of plants

Glycolysis in plants

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All of the following are true about bile EXCEPT:

It acts as an emulsifying agent for lipids and it is synthesized in the liver

It disperses globs of fat in the chyme into microscopic particles

It acts as an emulsifying agent on carbohydrates and is synthesized in the gall bladder

It exposes the large surface area of lipids to lipase

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The carbon-nitrogen bond that connects amino acids together in a protein is referred to as which of the following?

Peptide bond

Covalent bond

Ionic bond

Octet bond

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Dr. Monroe wants to prevent Priscilla, the chair of biology, from digesting carbohydrates. Which organ should she remove from Priscilla that produces the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion?

Small intestine

Liver

Pancreas

Large intestine

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QuestionGroup: #17 Lipids

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All of the following are true about the liver EXCEPT:

It receives all the blood from the intestinal system by way of the portal circulation.

It produces iron directly with no need for having a food substrate

It stores fats and carbohydrates for energy.

It regulates blood glucose levels and synthesis of blood proteins

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QuestionGroup: #18 DNA

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This molecule controls the production of enzymes in animal cells.

It is DNA, a nucleotide that resides in the nucleus of cells

It is RNA, the ancestor to DNA

It is a protein

It is DNA, a carbohydrate

It is DNA, a nucleotide which resides in the cytoplasm of the cell

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QuestionGroup: #19 DNA2

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Which of the following represents the proper sequence for the "central dogma"?

RNA to Protein to DNA

RNA to DNA to Protein

DNA to RNA to Protein

Protein to RNA to DNA

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QuestionGroup: #20 Gene expression

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How many different kind of amino acids are necessary for mRNA to make proteins in humans?

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein.

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein rather it is the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

False

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Question 411 pts

When an electron is transferred from one atom to another, and the two atoms are then electrically attracted to one another, a(n) ________________ bond is formed.

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Question 421 pts

Changing the number of ____________ of an atom would change the chemical properties of the atom.

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Question 431 pts

Forming molecules and breaking down molecules in biological organisms usually requires the use of _________ to help the reaction proceed faster.

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Question 441 pts

Organic molecules have a core composed of .

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Question 451 pts

The building blocks of carbohydrates are

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Question 461 pts

Water molecules crossing a membrane from high to low concentration is .

active transport

cell fate

facilitated diffusion

osmosis

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Question 471 pts

Choose the membrane molecule responsible for the passage of polar molecules and ions into and out of the cell.

phospholipids

transmembrane channel proteins

cell surface proteins

carbohydrate chains

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Question 481 pts

The simplest cells are .

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Question 491 pts

Which of the following membrane bound organelles are found inside bacterial cells:

nucleus

organelles are not found in prokaryotic cells

mitochondria

chloroplasts

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Question 501 pts

Which of the following is a specialized components of the cell, is associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum, and is responsible for making proteins.

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Question 511 pts

Proteins are sorted, modified, and packaged by the _____________ and later transported to the outside of the cell.

ribosomes

golgi bodies (golgi apparatus)

nucleus

mitochondria

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Question 521 pts

Dehydration synthesis is a process of linking two smaller subunits together to form a polymer. Which of the following statements below is true of dehydration synthesis?

Oxygen is consumed.

A water molecule is removed from the molecules.

A water molecule is added to the molecules

Carbon dioxide is given off.

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Question 531 pts

Proteins are made up of _________ held together by peptide bonds.

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Question 541 pts

Which of the following gives an amino acid its properties?

NH2

R Group or functional group

COOH

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Question 551 pts

The final three-dimensional shape of a protein that includes the bonding of two or more polypeptide chains is call its _____ structure.

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Question 561 pts

How do DNA and RNA differ?

all statements are differences between DNA and RNA.

DNA is double stranded while RNA is single stranded.

They have different sugars.

Thymine is present in DNA but not in RNA.

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Question 571 pts

Which of the following is a component of a DNA nucleotide?

phosphate

a nitrogen containing base

All are components of a nucleotide.

5-carbon sugar

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Question 581 pts

Cell membranes are made up of several different types of molecules. Select the membrane molecule below that is made up of a polar region and two non-polar fatty acid tails.

transmembrane proteins

carbohydrate chains

phospholipids

cell surface proteins

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Question 591 pts

Two organelles which are believed to have once been free-living bacterial cells are ____________ and ______________.

chloroplasts and mitochondria

golgi apparatus and endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes and nucleolus

peroxisomes and lysosomes

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Question 601 pts

The is an extensive system of internal membranes responsible for producing carbohydrates and lipids.

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

rough endoplasmic reticulum

nucleolus

mitochondria

sangriarat617

1.An inorganic base dissociates in water into ?a)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more anions b)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more reactions c)one or more hydrogen ions and one or more captions d)one or more hydroxide ions and one or more anions 2.An atom becomes a cation by? a)accepting electrons into its outermost electron shell b)giving up electrons from its outermost electron shell c)donating protons to another atom d)accepting proton from another atom 3.An atom of oxygen has 8 protons ,8electroenes and 8 neutrons.How would you expect the electrons to be arranged in this atom? a)all electrons are located in the nucleus of the atom b)all 8 electrons are located in the outermost electron shell c)all 8 electrons are located in the electron shell nearest the nucleus d)2 electrons are in the electron shell nearest the nucleus and 6 are in the second shell 4.Which solution is acidic? a) H2O b)H2O+ NA(+) +OH(-) c) H20+H(+) +Cl (-) d)Na(+) + HCO3 (-) 5.which of the following is true about the products of the chemical reaction?a) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain the fewer atoms than the reactants b) in the synthesis reaction , the products contain more atoms than the reactants c)in any chemical reaction the products may contain more or fewer atoms than the rectants because the reaction is a random event d)the products of chemical reactions always contain the same number of atoms as the reactants 6.Can you choose which thing is not like others ? a)lactose b)maltose c)sucrose d )fructose 7Which of the following is not organic compound? a)CO2 b)H2O c)CH2O d)NH3 8.Which of the following is a lipid ? a)C6H12O6 b)C22H44COOH c)C2H4NH2 d)CO2 9.Which of the following does not dissolve readily in a water? a)proteins b) amino Acids c) steroids d) Carbohydrates 10.Which of the following is organic asid? a)H2CO3 b)NaOH c)HCL d)KCL 11.Nitrogen is the element important to the composition of ? a)carbohydrate b)proteins and nucleis acids c)fats d)glycerol 12.Which of the following is protein ? a)sucrose b) cholesterol c)raffinose d)mannose 13.In the formation of a polymer , dehydration synthesis occurs between ? a) the amino groups of 2 different amino acids b)the acid groups of two different amino acids c)the amino group of one amino acid and the acid group of the other d)all of the above

Kinesiology 3339A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 8: Citric Acid Cycle, Tripeptide, Starvation Response

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