Earth Sciences 1022A/B Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Clay Minerals, Lithification, Diagenesis
14 Jan 2016
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Document Summary
Weathered material from various rocks forms sedimentary rocks that comprise 75% of all rocks on the continents. Diagenesis & lithification: after deposition, sediment undergoes physical, chemical, and biologic changes as it gets turned into rock (hardened, consolidated) Lithification includes: compaction: pore space is reduced and particles are, cementation: precipitate from solution onto grains, fill pressed closer together pores, cement grains together. Detrital sedimentary rocks: formed from rock fragments and minerals deposited by rivers, glaciers, wind, gravity; mainly made of clay minerals and resistant quartz. Sandstone made of sand grains of mainly quartz: if grains about the same size it is well sorted, if a mixture of sizes it is poorly sorted, called arkose if lots. Conglomerate is solidified gravel from landslide, stream bed, or of feldspar: has rounded stones, breccia has angular particles not moved far from source wave action rocks.
