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Biology 2601A/B Lecture 8: 8. Gas Exchange .docx

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mauveelephant391

9 Feb 2015

School

Western University

Department

Course

Biology 2601A/B

Professor

Jennifer Taylor

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Document Summary

When you"re larger than a zygote in the uterus, the mother"s blood is used to deliver oxygen: diffusion alone is too slow to maintain the rates of gas exchange needed to support the metabolism of larger organisms, whale (large): small surface area compared to volume (cid:224) harder to deliver oxygen to mitochondria via diffusion, rotifer (small): larger surface area compared to volume, diffusion is fast when things are small (cid:224) when the radius of a small mammalian cell is 10 micrometers.

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Related Questions

11

Assigned as

Homework

11

Acetyl CoA is the beginning of a metabolic pathway that produces most of the NADH and FADH for ATP production. When you starve, which of the following will produce the most Acetyl CoA?

A

Protein, carbohydrates, and lipid metabolism all produce the same amount

B

Free Oxygen radicals

C

Protein metabolism

D

Lipid metabolism

E

Carbohydrate metabolism

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12

Assigned as

Homework

12

Which of the following occurs when oxyhemoglobin reaches the capillaries of heart muscle?

A

Absorbs oxygen from the mitochondria

B

Releases oxygen which leaves the capillary and diffuses into the cell

C

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the capillary to the nucleus

D

Releases its oxygen which diffuses from the mitochondria to the capillary

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13

Assigned as

Homework

13

The drug, cannabis, which is produced by the marijuana plant, is a byproduct of which reaction?

A

Dark reaction

B

Light reaction

C

Oxidative phosphorylation of plants

D

Glycolysis in plants

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14

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14

All of the following are true about bile EXCEPT:

A

It acts as an emulsifying agent for lipids and it is synthesized in the liver

B

It disperses globs of fat in the chyme into microscopic particles

C

It acts as an emulsifying agent on carbohydrates and is synthesized in the gall bladder

D

It exposes the large surface area of lipids to lipase

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15

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15

The carbon-nitrogen bond that connects amino acids together in a protein is referred to as which of the following?

A

Peptide bond

B

Covalent bond

C

Ionic bond

D

Octet bond

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16

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16

Dr. Monroe wants to prevent Priscilla, the chair of biology, from digesting carbohydrates. Which organ should she remove from Priscilla that produces the enzymes needed for carbohydrate digestion?

A

Small intestine

B

Liver

C

Pancreas

D

Large intestine

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QuestionGroup: #17 Lipids

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17

All of the following are true about the liver EXCEPT:

A

It receives all the blood from the intestinal system by way of the portal circulation.

B

It produces iron directly with no need for having a food substrate

C

It stores fats and carbohydrates for energy.

D

It regulates blood glucose levels and synthesis of blood proteins

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QuestionGroup: #18 DNA

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Homework

18

This molecule controls the production of enzymes in animal cells.

A

It is DNA, a nucleotide that resides in the nucleus of cells

B

It is RNA, the ancestor to DNA

C

It is a protein

D

It is DNA, a carbohydrate

E

It is DNA, a nucleotide which resides in the cytoplasm of the cell

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QuestionGroup: #19 DNA2

Assigned as

Homework

19

Which of the following represents the proper sequence for the "central dogma"?

A

RNA to Protein to DNA

B

RNA to DNA to Protein

C

DNA to RNA to Protein

D

Protein to RNA to DNA

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QuestionGroup: #20 Gene expression

Assigned as

Homework

20

How many different kind of amino acids are necessary for mRNA to make proteins in humans?

A

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein.

B

Bogus question since mRNA does not use amino acids to make protein rather it is the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

C

20

D

10

20. All living things must maintain a constantinternal environment to function properly through the process of__. (Points : 2)

metamorphosis
alkalosis
homeostasis
cryogenesis

Question 21.21. Glucose, fructose, sucrose,starch and glycogen are all examples of ___. (Points : 2)

proteins
carbohydrates
lipids
nucleic acids

Question 22.22. Some insects can "walk onwater" because __. (Points : 2)

water has a high surfacetension
water is adhesive
water istransparent
water expands when itfreezes

Question 23.23. To overcome an energy barrierbetween reactants and products in a chemical reaction, energy mustbe provided to get the reaction started. This energy is called ___energy. (Points : 2)

potential
reaction
initiation
activation

Question 24.24. Where in the cell doesglycolysis takes place? (Points : 2)

lysosomes
cytoplasm
mitochondria
nucleus

Question 25.25. Photosynthesis uses sunlightto convert water and carbon dioxide into __. (Points : 2)

carbon dioxide andwater
oxygen and sugars
proteins and sugars
carbon dioxide andoxygen

Question 26.26. The _____ of photosynthesisare the _____ of cellular respiration. (Points : 2)

electrons, protons
pigments, products
products, reactants
elements, atoms

Question 27.27. The energy currency of thecell is __. (Points : 2)

glucose
ATP
starch
glycogen

Question 28.28. When blood glucose levelsdecrease (as between meals), what reserves are tapped first?(Points : 2)

glycogen
fats
steroids
amino acids

Question 29.29. When glucose is used as anenergy source, the largest amount of ATP is produced by the ____portion of the entire respiratory process. (Points : 2)

glycolytic
Kreb's cycle
acetyl-CoAformation
electron transportchain

Question 30.30. Pyruvic acid can be regardedas the end product of ____. (Points : 2)

glycolysis
fermentation
the Kreb cycle
the electron transportchain

Question 31.31. How can one increase the rateof a chemical reaction? (Points : 2)

Increase the activationenergy.
Cool the reactants.
Decrease the pH.
Add an enzyme(catalyst).

Question 32.32. A prokaryote has ___. (Points: 2)

membrane-boundorganelles
nucleus
mitochondria
a cell membrane

Question 33.33. Unlike animal cells, plantcells have __. (Points : 2)

cell membranes
cell walls
chromosomes
mitochondria

Question 34.34. Which of the followingrequires energy to move molecules across the cell membrane? (Points: 2)

diffusion
osmosis
active transport
passive transport

Question 35.35. The ___ is the site of proteinsynthesis. (Points : 2)

nucleus
ribosome
mitochondrion
cytoskeleton

Question 36.36. Diffusion of water through asemipermeable membrane is called __. (Points : 2)

osmosis
diffusion
active transport
passive transport

Question 37.37. Which component of a cellmembrane is likely to function as a transporter? (Points : 2)

cholesterol
lipids
proteins
carbohydrates

Question 38.38. If potato slice is placed indistilled water, the cells would most likely __. (Points : 2)

lose water and becomelimp
neither take up water orlose water
take up water andswell
transport water into thecell by active transport.

Question 39.39. The chloroplast functions in___. (Points : 2)

protein synthesis
lipid storage
DNA replication
photosynthesis

Question 40.40. The fluid mosaic modelpresents the modern view of ___. (Points : 2)

the cell membranestructure
chromosome movementduring mitosis
protein synthesis
ATP production

Question 41.41. During which stage of mitosisdo nucleoli reappear and the nuclear membrane reforms? (Points :2)

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 42.42. During which stage of mitosisdo chromatids separate to form two sets of daughter chromosomes?(Points : 2)

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 43.43. Which of the following is thelongest stage of mitosis? (Points : 2)

prophase
metaphase
anaphase
telophase

Question 44.44. When during the cell cycle isDNA replicated? (Points : 2)

metaphase
Synthesis phase (S)
G1
cytokinesis

Question 45.45. A cell with 10 chromosomesundergoes mitosis and cell division. How many daughter cells areproduced and what number of chromosomes do they have? (Points :2)

4 daughter cells, 20chromosomes each
4 daughter cells, 5chromosomes each
2 daughter cells, 10chromosomes each
2 daughter cells, 5chromosomes each

Question 46.46. Maize (corn) has a haploidnumber of 10. How many chromosomes are in a zygote of maize?(Points : 2)

5
10
20
Not enough informationprovided

Question 47.47. Crossing over is one of themost important events in meiosis because __. (Points : 2)

homologous chromosomesare separated into different daughter cells
the number of chromosomesallotted to each daughter cell must be halved
sister chromatids must beseparated into different daughter cells
it produces new arrays ofalleles on chromosomes and contributes to genetic diversity

Question 48.48. While viewing stained onionroot tip cells you notice that distinct chromosomes cannot beobserved in most of the cells. This is because most of the cells___. (Points : 2)

were killed whilepreparing the slide
are in Interphase
are in metaphase
are undergoingMeiosis

Question 49.49. Each offspring cell producedby binary fission contains __. (Points : 2)

half the chromosomes ofthe original cell
twice as many chromosomesas the original cell
an independent assortmentof the original cell's chromosomes
an identical copy of theoriginal cell's chromosome.

Question 50.50. A DNA strand has the sequenceA-C-A-G-C-C-G-T-A. What would be its complementary strand? (Points: 2)

G-T-G-A-T-T-A-C-G
A-C-A-G-C-C-G-T-A
T-G-T-C-G-G-C-A-T
U-G-U-C-G-G-C-A-U