Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Start Codon, Signal Peptide, Nuclear Pore

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oliveeel203

24 Sep 2016

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Trna base pairs with dna (when its being made, all rna comes from transcription. And during transcription rna base pairs with template strand of dna), itself (to make its shape) and other rna (mrna: all rna base pairs with dna during its synthesis. Amino acids cant base pair with anything. They are attached to things through covalent bonds. Inside promoter is tata box - characteristic of eukaryotic promoters, but prokaryotes also have an at rich region o. Eukaryotic promoters are not interchangeable with prokaryotic promoters - they are different o. Lac - upstream of promoter is cap binding site. Same thing - proteins bind onto it to affect transcription. 5" and 3" utr in eukaryotes (and prokaryotes?) Eukaryotes have tata binding protein which recognizes tata box, and starts proteins piling up on promoter. This controls efficiency of transcription - same idea as prokaryotes just more. Dna binding proteins have particular structures that allow them to associate with dna.

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1 DNA sequences found in introns provide [A] amino acid sequence information.

[B] regulatory information.
[C] no known useful information.

[D] structure for the gene.
[E] alternative DNA splicing possibilities.

3. The TATA box is a(n)
[A] sequence close to the promoter region of many genes.
[B] square-shaped sequence.
[C] enhancer consensus sequence.
[D] activator sequence necessary for proper translation.
[E] None of the above

5. Regarding genes and gene expression, which of the following is not a difference between prokaryotes and eukaryotes
[A] Eukaryotic DNA does not contain a TATA box close to the initiation site as does prokaryotic DNA.

[B] In eukaryotes, RNA polymerase requires

'transcription factors'or initiation.

[C] Prokaryotic genes are often grouped together in

operons.

[D] In eukaryotes, the regulation of several genes at once requires common control elements in each of the genes.
[E] There is a diversity of eukaryotic polymerases that is reflected in the diversity of eukaryotic promoters.

10) In eukaryotic cells, a repressor

[A] is made of DNA.
[B] binds to the enhancer region to block transcription. [

C] is located both upstream and downstream from the promoter.
[D] binds to the operator to block RNA polymerase.

[E] binds to a silencer to reduce transcription rates.

Coordinated regulation of genes in eukaryotic cells [A] is the result of positioning the same regulatory sequence in front of each gene.
[B] results from all of those genes being under the control of one promoter.

[C] occurs because related genes all have the same

operons.
[D] occurs because enhancers cause DNA to bend.

Question 21
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Complete the following sentence: "Meiosis results in genetic variation between gametes from the same individual due to genetic recombination in _________ and independent assortment of homologous chromosomes in _________."

Select one:
a. prophase I, metaphase II
b. metaphase I, metaphase II
c. prophase I, metaphase I
d. metaphase II, prophase I
e. prophase II, metaphase II

Question 17
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Which of the following can be described as 'a sequence that can be several thousand base pairs upstream or downstream of a eukaryotic promoter and which increases gene expression as much as 200-fold.â ?

Select one:
a. CAAT box
b. enhancer
c. insulator
d. TATA box

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Which enzyme is incorrectly matched to its function?

Select one:
a. RNA polymerase -- transcription
b. aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase -- attaches an amino acid to a tRNA
c. peptidyltransferase -- translation
d. DNA ligase -- joins Okazaki fragments
e. All of the above are paired correctly.

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Enzymes catalyse biochemical reactions by

Select one:
a. lowering the potential energy of the products
b. separating inhibitors from products
c. forming a complex with the products
d. lowering the activation energy of the reaction
e. providing energy to the reaction

Biology 1002B Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Start Codon, Signal Peptide, Nuclear Pore

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