HMB265H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 18: Turner Syndrome, Nondisjunction, F1 Hybrid

• School: UTSG
• Department: Human Biology
• Course: HMB265H1
• Professor: Maria Papaconstantinou

Document Summary

Ch 3: 72-79: ch 9: 303-313, ch 15: 489-490, 511. Monosomy, trisomy: aneuploidy, prenatal testing, microarrays. Overview: euploidy: complete sets of chromosomes, aneuploidy: loss or gain of one or more chromosomes. Monoploidy: male bee, wasps, and ants, parthenogenesis - development of unfertilized egg into an embryo (with no fertilization) Produce gametes by mitosis: usually lethal in other systems. If individual survives to adulthood, no meiosis and thus sterility occurs. Introduction of mutations: can be produced experimentally and have some uses. Polyploidy: very common in plants - associated with origin of new species, may positively correlate with size and vigor. Autopolyploids: originate within a species --> 2n + n creates a 3n individual, some cases can produce infertility if resulting zygote can"t separate the chromosomes equally when it creates its gametes - such as in autotriploids. Autotriploids are sterile: due to formation of aneuploid gametes. Such as bananas, watermelons - sterile triploids (seedless)