HMB265H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 17: Haplodiploidy, Monosomy, Aneuploidy

• School: UTSG
• Department: Human Biology
• Course: HMB265H1
• Professor: Naomi Levy-Strumpf, Stephen Wright

Document Summary

Most animals are diploid; however, some are monoploid. Aneuploidy loss or gain of one or more chromosomes. For sex chromosomes, just list the chromosomes (eg. xxy, xxx, xo, xyy) Eg. haplodiploid insects males (bees, wasps and ants) are monoploid. They develop by parthenogenesis development of an unfertilized egg. However, this is a very unusual sex determining system because this is often lethal on most systems. Unmasks recessive lethals; if individual survives to adulthood, sterility (no meiosis) Take a diploid plant; haploid plant pollen is treated, plated on agar, and allowed to grow. The embryos are then treated with plant hormones and is grown in soil, producing a monoploid plant (usually sterile) However, can treat this plant with chemicals to artificially create a homozygous diploid plant. For plant breeders, it may positively correlate with size and vigor of common fruits and vegetables. Autopolyploids most common mechanism for polyploidy.