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ECO101H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 14: Perfect Competition, Market Power, Demand Curve

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5 Apr 2017

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ECO101H1 Full Course Notes

ECO101H1 Full Course Notes

Document Summary

Ss curve: exists only in perfectly competitive markets: reflects profit-maximizing behaviour, equals a firm"s mc schedule [will show] Key features: each firm is a price taker and faces a perfectly elastic demand curve at market price, the number of firms is fixed in the short run, but can vary in the long run. Perfectly competitive markets: insights: absence of barriers to entry: economic profits cannot persist in the long run, each firm is a price taker: faces an infinitely elastic demand curve at the market price. You are an organic farmer (pesticides) there is a sharp increase in the demand for organic foods. Answers: yes, no (as other farmers switch to organic crops, until the economic profits are competed away) Insight: for economic profits to persist over the long run, there must be obstacles (barriers to entry) that prevent new firms from entering and competing.

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Related Questions

A major difference between monopolistic competition and perfect competition is:

a. there are barriers to entry in monopolistic competition. There are no barriers to entry in perfectly competitive markets.

b. monopolistically competitive firms sell differentiated products. Perfectly competitive firms sell identical products.

c. government regulation restricts the ability of monopolistically competitive firms to change their prices. Perfectly competitive firms face no price regulation.

d. the market demand curve in a monopolistically competitive market slopes downward. The market demand curve in a perfectly competitive market is horizontal

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1. If the ATC curve is above the demand curve in a perfectly competitive firm, the firm will have a:

2. If the ATC curve is below the demand curve in a perfectly competitive firm, the firm will have a:

- price ceiling

3. Even if in the short run, a perfectly competitive firm has a profit; in the long run, they always break even because:

- low barriers to entry

- profit incentives attract new firms

- perfectly homogenous products

- all of the above

4. A perfect competitor would:

- never charge above market price but might charge below market price

- never charge below market price but might charge above market price

- always change the market price

- none of the above

5. The crucial aspect of competition among firms that leads to the condition of zero profits in the long run is

- the number of firms in the industry is fixed

- free entry and exit of firms in the industry

- fixed costs equal zero

- all costs are at their least cost level.

1.
If firms in a monopolistically competitive market are earningpositive profits,
A) firms will likely be subject to regulation.
B) barriers to entry will be strengthened.
C) some firms must exit the market.
D) new firms will enter the market.
2.

Panel c in the set of figures shown is consistent with a firm in amonopolistically competitive market that is

A) earning profit and is in both short-run and long-runequilibrium.
B) earning economic profit and is in short-run equilibrium, but notlong-run equilibrium.
C) earning profit and is in long-run equilibrium, but not short-runequilibrium.
D) earning a negative profit and is not in equilibrium.
3.
When a profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitivemarket is producing the long-run equilibrium quantity,
A) its marginal revenue will exceed its marginal cost.
B) its average revenue will equal its marginal cost.
C) it will be earning positive economic profits.
D) its demand curve will be tangent to its average-total-costcurve.
4.
Monopolistic competition differs from perfect competition becausein monopolistically competitive markets
A) each of the sellers offers a somewhat different product.
B) strategic interactions between firms is vitally important.
C) there are barriers to entry.
D) all firms can eventually earn economic profits.
5.
The free entry and exit of firms in a monopolistically competitivemarket guarantees that
A) economic losses can persist into the long run, but not economicprofits.
B) both economic profits and economic losses can persist into thelong run.
C) economic profits can persist into the long run, but not economiclosses.
D) both economic profits and economic losses disappear in the longrun.
6.

Panel (a) shows a profit-maximizing monopolistically competitivefirm that is

A) All answers are correct
B) earning a zero profit.
C) charging a price that is equal to average total cost.
D) in long-run equilibrium.
7.
Since a firm in a monopolistically competitive market faces a
A) perfectly elastic demand curve, it will always operate withexcess capacity.
B) downward-sloping demand curve, it will always operate atefficient scale.
C) perfectly inelastic demand curve, it will always operate atefficient scale.
D) downward-sloping demand curve, it will always operate withexcess capacity.
8.
In a monopolistically competitive market,
A) firms can enter or exit the market without restriction.
B) each firm takes the price of its product as given.
C) each firm produces a product that is essentially identical tothe products of other firms in the market.
D) there are only a few sellers.
9.
The fact that there is a great deal of advertising of menâs shavingproducts indicates that
A) it costs firms very little to produce those products.
B) the market for those products is perfectly competitive.
C) those products are highly differentiated.
D) All answers are correct
10.
A profit-maximizing firm in a monopolistically competitive marketdiffers from a firm in a perfectly competitive market because thefirm in the monopolistically competitive market
A) has no barriers to entry.
B) faces a downward-sloping demand curve for its product.
C) faces a horizontal demand curve at the market clearingprice.
D) is characterized by market share maximization.