BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 1: Tetrasaccharide, Atomic Orbital, Trisaccharide
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BIO130H1 Full Course Notes
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Bio130 textbook notes: chp 2 (cell chemistry and biosynthesis): 51-65, 116-117. An atom oten behaves as if it has a fixed radius. The radius of the electron cloud at which strong repulsive forces prevent a closer approach of any second, non- bonded atom is a van der waals radius. In pure water, there"s equilibrium of h3o+ hydronium ions and oh- ions switching back and forth. Substances that release protons to form h3o+ when they dissolve in water are termed acids (higher h3o+ concentraion, the more acidic) To maintain the interior of a cell at neutrality, it is bufered by the presence of many chemical groups that can take up and release protons near ph 7. Bases accepts protons so as to lower the concentraion of h3o+ ions, thus raising oh- concentraion. Four types of noncovalent atracions help bring molecules together in cells. In aqueous soluions, covalent bonds are 10-100 imes stronger than the other atracive forces between atoms.
