BIO130H1 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Metabolome, Hydrolysis, Nitrogenous Base

• School: UTSG
• Department: Biology
• Course: BIO130H1
• Professor: Melody Neumann

Document Summary

Fossil record prokaryotes appear a few billions of years before eukaryotes. Similarity between prokaryotes and eukaryotes share many complicated mechanisms -> impossible to imagine that these have evolved separately. 3 lines of evidence that the endosymbiont mechanism is the way that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes: Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own genome and are prokaryotic (circular) Mitochondria and chloroplasts kept their own machinery -> able to make proteins, have their own ribosomes, can transport things around. Mitochondria and chloroplasts have a double membrane and the composition between the 2 membranes are quite different. Archaea are no more similar to bacteria than they are to eukaryotes. It depends on which genes are looked at -> genes evolved in metabolism, structure etc. produce different trees. The last eukaryotic common ancestor is situated in the middle of the tree and all the different organisms evolved from it (diagram on slide)