PSYB04H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Type I And Type Ii Errors, Statistical Significance, Scatter Plot
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3 types: positive association, negative association, zero association. Correlation does not mean causation (an association claim is not enough for a causal claim) i. e. music lessons enhance iq. Types of validities: (to evaluate how well a study supports a claim) a valid claim is reasonable, justifiable, and accurate in psychology the type of validity must be specified: construct: how well a conceptual variable operationalized. Researchers must establish that each variable has been measured reliably. Range within which a true population value lies (seen in opinion polls) Are the conditions for making causal claims satisfied: the variable exhibits covariance, the causal variable has temporal precedence (comes first in time before the other variable, other explanations have been ruled out (internal, external validity) Measured: observing and recording a value (i. e. driving accuracy, Iq, gender, hair colour, depression using scales, rulers or devices) Manipulated: researcher changes/controls value i. e. giving participants 10mg of a medication while others get.
