LINB09H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Phonological History Of English Consonant Clusters, Coarticulation, Phonetic Transcription
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Notation: /slashes/ - indicate phonemic or broad phonetic transcription, [square brackets] indicate (narrower) phonetic transcription, for simplicity, we will say that , broad transcription = phonemic transcription, narrow transcription = phonetic transcription. Contrast: phonemes are sounds that are contrastive within a language, this means that changing one phoneme for another can create a change in meaning, many such minimal pairs exist in english, e. g. Difference of word pairs: voicing of the stop consonant; These are different phonemes in english: the consonant chart that we"ve seen so far in the course is the phonemic consonant inventory of english. One phoneme may have one or more allophones different ways that it can surface phonetically. Allophones all have the same underlying phoneme, but with different pronunciations of that phoneme in different environments. Coarticulation more than one is active: segments aren"t produced in isolation, before we finish producing one segment, the vocal tract is already getting into position for the next one, e. g.
