BIOB51H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Relative Dating, Uniformitarianism, Cyanobacteria

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OC20962

22 Oct 2012

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Lecture 3 & 4 readings: chapter 2 pg. By monitoring natural populations, we can directly observe small scale change (microevolution) Examining bodies of organisms can show dramatic change: macroevolution. Example of observed change: scott carroll soapberry bug (jadera haematoloma) These bugs use their long beaks to inflate a balloon like fruit (tries to reach the seed) The seed would be located deep within the fruit (near the center) Soon people began to plant a flat-podded golden rain tree (relative of the balloon vine) but the fruit is quite flat (not sphere like). The researchers collected the soap bugs found on the different plants and measured the length of their beak. The soap bugs living on the flat-podded golden rain tree had shorter beaks than the bugs living on the balloon vine. The short beaked bugs were relatives of the long beaked bugs and they most likely evolved to be short beak bugs.

Related Questions

Fossils discovered tell stories of how past organisms were very different from those presently living. The sweeping changes in life on Earth as revealed by fossils revealed by fossils illustrate macroevolution, the broad pattern of evolution above the species level. Describe how gene flow, genetic drift, and natural selection all can influence macroevolution.

ivorydolphin134

Which of the following statements is true about the theory of evolution?

The focus of the theory of evolution is to explain the origins of life.

According to the theory of evolution, life evolved entirely randomly.

The focus of the theory of evolution is to explain how life diversified from the first living cells.

According the theory of evolution, only the strongest and toughest can survive.

Which of the following best explains our current understanding of microevolution?

Neither microevolution nor macroevolution can be observed within a human lifespan?

Microevolution is the gradual change of the genetic makeup (allele frequency) of a population over time.

Microevolution and macroevolution occur by very different mechanisms

Microevolution is the evolution of small organisms; macroevolution is the evolution of large organisms.

The Irish elk is a giant species of deer that went extinct about 5,000 B.C. They are well-known for their extremely large antlers (12 feet wide) in males. The antlers likely played some role in protection against predators, but another possible cause for their large size could be

blending genetics

sexual selection

spontaneous generation

inheritance of acquired characteristics

Cross River gorilla is listed as critically endangered species. With only 35 of these gorillas in the world, they are at risk of extinction largely due to poaching and loss to diseases such as Ebola. Genetic studies of the remaining gorillas show very little variability, because several alleles were likely lost due to ______.

		genetic drift
		gene flow
		increased rate of spontaneous mutations
		adaptive radiation

Evolution is change over ____________. Why is evolution an important concept in biology?

What is a population? How can you identify a population in nature?

What is the ultimate source of random variation in a population? Is this the only source of variation, why or why not?

What is a gene pool? Why is it important to our study of evolution?

How is variation inherited in a population? HINT: There are at least two main contributors to this variation. You should be focusing on gametes!

What is microevolution versus macroevolution?

How do the peppered moths show us microevolution in nature? Why is this NOT macroevolution? HINT: you should consider alleles and mating in your answer.

Do you believe that the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium is common in nature? Why or why not? In your answer, you should incorporate your knowledge of populations, evolution, and genetics.

Evolution is driven by adaptation and natural selection. In populations, we refer to organisms that are âmost fit.â Explain how evolution and the environment would result in organisms that are âmost fit.â In your answer, indicate whether the âmost fitâ organism today is likely to be the âmost fitâ organism in the future and why.

Microevolution is a change in the frequency of ___________________ in a population but has not resulted in a speciation event thus far. Given this, what factors could lead to a speciation event for this population?

How would you know that a population had divided into two different species (macroevolution)? How could you test for a speciation event experimentally?

BIOB51H3 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Relative Dating, Uniformitarianism, Cyanobacteria

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