ERS120H5 Lecture 11: LEC #11 (Sedimentary Rocks)
16 Feb 2017
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Document Summary
Fresh clasts are angular, as grain roundness increases with transported distance. Clast size tends to decrease, and the clast texture tends to become more fine as opposed to coarse, with distance travelled. The sorting of minerals in the rock is very well sorted as opposed to poorly sorted, with distance travelled. Lithification: transforms loose sediment into solid rock through compactation and cementation. Burial adds pressure to sediment, squeezing out air and water, and compacting grains. Minerals (often quartz or calcite) precipitate from groundwater into pore spaces. Conglomerate: the depositional environment for a conglomerate would be found along a river or along a rocky coastline. Mudstone: mudstone has several depositional environments, such as the deep marine, swamps, marshes, estuaries, mudcracks along a river, and annual layers in a lake. Limestone: depositional environment includes the modern coral reef or the relict of a small reef. Organic: carbon-rich remains of once living organisms, coal is the main organic rock.
