BIO202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Red Blood Cell, Partial Pressure, Pulse Oximetry

56 views8 pages

violetalligator348

11 Sep 2018

School

Department

Course

Professor

For unlimited access to Class Notes, a Class+ subscription is required.

Document Summary

4 respiration; animals must maintain oxygen levels gas must be acquired from external environment. Gas exchange between external environment and the body oxygen in water is much less in the air respiration can be divided into external and internal external obtaining oxygen and delivery co2 to external environment ventilation. Internal; mitochondria use of oxygen to produce energy (in mitochondria) External respiration: flow of air or water), loaded with oxygen which is delivered to tissue (respiratory surface) perfusion two step processes (ventilation and perfusion) Blood flow; delivery of oxygen to the rest of the tissue. Delivery of gas, active movement of respiratory medium (air or water), (bulk. They must work harder to get oxygen from low oxygen medium difference between oxygen in air and environment because of solubility same temperature diffusion coefficient is much more in air than in water. Co2 diffusion is more in air than water. Solubility is way more in air than water.

Related Questions

1. Which of the following are considered blood vessels within the cardiovascular system? (Select all that apply.)

Veins

Arteries \

Epithelial tissue

Capillaries

Epidermis

2. The middle muscle layer found in the walls of the heart is the __________.

Myocardium

Epicardium

Endocardium

Aorta

3. Blood is transported throughout the body via ___________.

Veins
Arteries

Capillaries

All of the above

4. The right atrium receives blood from all parts of the body except the ______________.

Abdominal cavity

Lungs

Dorsal cavity

Cranium

5. Blood carries which of the following?

Oxygen and cellular waste

Oxygen, nutrients, hormones, enzymes, and cellular waste

Nutrients, hormones, enzymes

Oxygen, nutrients, enzymes

6. Vocal chords are found in the ____________.

Bronchus

Trachea

Larynx and Pharynx

Nasal cavity

7. The trachea is mostly lined by ________________.

Alveoli

Ciliated

mucous membrane

Lung capillaries
Vocal chords

8. Excess CO2 from the body is __________________.

Stored in the pancreas

Digested by cells

Excreted by the respiration process

Used to make ATP

9. CO2 from the body is released into the lungs via _________________.

Ciliated mucous membrane

Alveolar air

Nasal cavity

Bronchial tree

10. The principal function(s) of gas exchange is ____________________.

To supply cells with oxygen

To remove CO2 from the body

Both A and B

Neither of the above

One of the most common chronic conditions affecting the respiratory system is asthma. Asthma is a condition characterized by inflammation of the airways. When an asthma attack is triggered, the airways become even more inflamed and can restrict breathing. Common symptoms during an asthma attacks include coughing, wheezing, tightness in the chest and shortness of breath. Severe asthma attacks can be fatal. People with a family history of asthma are more likely to have the condition. While there is no cure for asthma, proper medical care and a management plan can help to maintain quality of life for people living with asthma. There are different types of asthma, each with their own triggers and management plans. Type Description Exercise-induced Bronchoconstriction (EIB), or Exercise-induced Asthma (EIA) Some people only experience asthma symptoms during exercise. Exercise-induced asthma causes the narrowing of airways during exercise, which restricts the flow of air to and from the lungs. Cold, dry air tends to exacerbate symptoms, while warm, humid air may reduce symptoms. People with exercise-induced asthma should work with their doctor to create a management plan that still allows them to exercise while keeping their symptoms under control. Allergic Asthma Allergic asthma is the most common form of asthma. It is triggered by inhaling allergen particulates, such as dust mites, pollen, pet dander, or mold. The bodyâs reaction to the allergens causes inflammation that results in coughing, wheezing, and other symptoms of asthma. Occupational Asthma Occupational asthma is caused by the frequent inhalation (breathing) of gases, fumes, dust, or other harmful substances in the workplace. Employees working in the chemical or petroleum industries are frequently exposed to chemicals such as Sulphur dioxide or hydrochloric acid, and may develop occupational asthma after prolonged exposure. Childhood Asthma Childhood asthma is usually developed before age 5. It is a condition that affects millions of children. It is vital that childhood asthma is properly controlled to prevent damage to the developing lungs Risk factors: â¢ Allergies â¢ Family history â¢ Frequent respiratory infections â¢ Low birth-weight â¢ Second-hand smoke â¢ Residing in a low-income, urban environment

Asthma symptoms that are triggered by exposure to pollen, pet dander, mold, or dust mites is indicative of which of the following types of asthma:

Occupational asthma

Childhood asthma

Allergic asthma

Exercise-induced asthma

aquamarinecaribou889

Flag this Question

Question 211 pts

Blood cells placed in pure water will burst because there is a net movement of water out of the cell.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 221 pts

Photosynthesis takes place in tiny organelles within the cell known as mitochondria.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 231 pts

The balanced chemical equation for cellular respiration is

C6H12O6 + 6O2 â 6CO2 + 6 H2O + 36 or 38 ATP

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 241 pts

A catalyst is anything that speeds up a chemical reaction.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 251 pts

Kinetic energy is the energy an object possesses due to its motion.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 261 pts

Changes in temperature and pH may speed up or slow down the activity of an enzyme.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 271 pts

There are 20 different amino acids.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 281 pts

The products of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis are oxygen, ATP, and NADPH.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 291 pts

Which of the following is NOT a component of the Cell Theory?

Cells arise only by division of a previously existing cell.

Cells are the smallest units of structure and function

All organisms are composed of one or more cells.

Cells can vary their shape and size to suit the environment for survival.

Flag this Question

Question 301 pts

What is the name of the two subatomic particles that can be found in the nucleus of an atom?

neutrons and electrons

protons and neutrons

protons and electrons

protons and morons

Flag this Question

Question 311 pts

Atoms that have either a positive or negative charge are known as:

Flag this Question

Question 321 pts

An atom with an unfilled outer energy level (electron shell) is likely to be:

inert

unable to form bonds with other atoms

reactive

extremely stable

Flag this Question

Question 331 pts

All living things are able to maintain stable internal conditions. This is known as

metabolism

homeostasis

heredity

cellular organization

Flag this Question

Question 341 pts

Which of the following is NOT considered to be one of the five basic properties shared among living organisms?

made of one or more cells

grow and reproduce

posses DNA

need oxygen to survive

Flag this Question

Question 351 pts

CFCs (Chlorofluorocarbons) in the stratosphere cause:

global warming due to increased CO2

increase ozone levels by converting O2 to O3 and decreasing UV passage to Earth.

act as a catalyst to destroy ozone increasing UV passage to Earth.

increased ice crystal formation that cools the earth.

Flag this Question

Question 361 pts

The process by which traits are passed from parents to offspring is known as:

Flag this Question

Question 371 pts

Alcoholic fermentation occurs in muscle cells of the human body.

True

False

Flag this Question

Question 381 pts

If carbon has 6 protons and 6 neutrons, how many electrons must it have to be electrically neutral?

Flag this Question

Question 391 pts

The loss of an electron is known as _______; the gain of an electron is known as ________.

reduction; oxidation

transduction; adduction

oxidation; reduction

removal; addition

Flag this Question

Question 401 pts

Kinetic energy is the stored energy that can be used for motion.

True

blushfox941

Â· Question 35

0 out of 2 points

Why is it so difficult to design a vaccine against HIV?

Â· Question 37

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of cancer ?

Â· Question 39

2 out of 2 points

Cancer could be caused by _________.

Â· Question 41

0 out of 2 points

Tumor-suppressor genes _____.

Â· Question 43

0 out of 2 points

The example of a chromosomal rearrangement that resulted in a ligand-independent form of the EGF receptor results in tumor formation. The gene that encodes the EGF receptor would be classified as?

Â· Question 44

0 out of 2 points

Cancer can arise from (select all that apply):
1 Gain-of-function mutations in tumor suppressors
2 Loss-of-function mutations in tumor suppressors
3 Gain-of-function mutations in oncogenes
4 Loss-of-function mutations in oncogenes
5 Loss-of-function mutations in DNA repair genes

Â· Question 45

2 out of 2 points

Which statement about the Rb tumor suppressor protein is NOT true?

Â· Question 46

0 out of 2 points

What is the function of reverse transcriptase in retroviruses?

Â· Question 47

0 out of 2 points

Which type of disorder is most difficult to correct by gene therapy?

Â· Question 48

2 out of 2 points

Gene therapy requires__________.

Â· Question 49

0 out of 2 points

Plants are more readily manipulated by genetic engineering than are animals because_________.

Â· Question 50

0 out of 2 points

Genetically engineered plants ________.

Â· Question 51

2 out of 2 points

How old is the earth thought to be based on radiometric measurements?

Â· Question 52

2 out of 2 points

Different cell organelles differ from each other in terms of their molecular components and structure. For example, lysosomes are packed with digestive enzymes and function in the degradation or turnover of cellular components. How are lysosomes populated with the digestive enzymes?

Â· Question 53

2 out of 2 points

Animal cells are protected from their environment by a thin plasma membrane. The membrane must be strong to be protective. What holds the plasma membrane together?

Â· Question 54

0 out of 2 points

Your lungs and respiratory tract are cleared of particles that you breathe in, such as pollen or other air borne particulates, by the waving motion of cilia lining your respiratory tract. What are the underlying subcellular structures or processes that sponsors this movement in cilia?

Â· Question 55

0 out of 2 points

What are examples of a cellular oxidation reactions?

Â· Question 56

0 out of 2 points

Enzyme catalyzed reactions

Â· Question 57

0 out of 2 points

What metabolite is formed in the terminal step of glycolysis that is taken up my mitochondria?

Â· Question 58

0 out of 2 points

The ultimate electron acceptor in cellular respiration is _______________, while the ultimate electron donor in the light reactions of photosynthesis is ___________________.

Â· Question 59

0 out of 2 points

According to the chemiosmotic hypothesis, the energy from electron transport in mitochondria

Â· Question 60

0 out of 2 points

Less energy is derived from the fermentation of glucose than from its breakdown by cellular respiration because there is less free energy difference between glucose and the products of fermentation.

Â· Question 61

0 out of 2 points

Grocery products list the fat and saturated fat content on most processed foods. Saturated fats are thought to be more of problem to human health than unsaturated fats because saturated fats â¦â¦â¦

Â· Question 62

0 out of 2 points

While wading in swallow seawater, you found a jellyfish, picked it up, rinsed it off and put it in a bucket of tap water. What is likely to happen to cells of the jellyfish?

Â· Question 63

2 out of 2 points

Glucose is one of the important nutrients in meeting the energy needs for the cells in your body. One means by which glucose is taken up by cells is through facilitated diffusion. In facilitated diffusion, glucose is taken up â¦

Â· Question 64

0 out of 2 points

If eukaryotic cells didnât have internal organelles, how would they likely differ?

Â· Question 65

2 out of 2 points

What is the relationship between the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) and the Golgi apparatus?

Â· Question 66

2 out of 2 points

About how many ribosomes might be found in a typical animal cell?

Â· Question 67

2 out of 2 points

Some large molecules, such as proteins, are synthesized in the cytoplasm but are required for functions in the nucleus. How do large molecules, such as proteins get into the nucleus?

Â· Question 68

0 out of 2 points

The free energy change (ÎG) for synthesis of ATP is +7.3 kilocalories/mole and ÎG for the breakdown of glucose is -686 kilocalories/mole. If ~29 ATP molecules are formed from each glucose molecule during cellular respiration, then about how efficient is cell respiration converting the energy from glucose into ATP?

Â· Question 69

2 out of 2 points

Photosynthesis produces most all the oxygen in the air we breathe. Where does oxygen come from in photosynthesis?

Â· Question 70

0 out of 2 points

Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble hormones and their cell receptors â¦.

Â· Question 71

0 out of 2 points

If not all the nuclear DNA in a cell is synthesized during S phase in the cell cycle, then what is to prevent the cell from dividing?

Â· Question 72

0 out of 2 points

In what direction are DNA strands synthesized?

Â· Question 73

0 out of 2 points

Replication of your DNA has to be a very faithful to maintain the integrity of your genome. DNA polymerase inserts an incorrect deoxyribonucleotide every 100, 000 bases.

Â· Question 74

0 out of 2 points

RNA synthesis and processing differs somewhat between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.

Â· Question 75

0 out of 2 points

Translation in prokaryotes

Â· Question 76

2 out of 2 points

Which of the following processes are important for normal development?

Â· Question 77

0 out of 2 points

Within an organism, what makes one cell type different from another?

Â· Question 78

0 out of 2 points

What makes each insect body segment different from another?

Â· Question 79

2 out of 2 points

Which of the following molecules, structures or organelles is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

Â· Question 80

2 out of 2 points

Which answer below places molecules or subcellular structures in the correct order by size, from smallest to largest?

Â· Question 81

0 out of 2 points

Which statement is correct concerning stem cells in animals and meristems in plants?

Â· Question 82

0 out of 2 points

Cell differentiation always involves _____.

Â· Question 83

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following statements about the DNA in one of your brain cells is true?

Â· Question 84

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following properties describes the importance of epithelia in maintaining homeostasis?

Â· Question 85

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following most accurately describe the concept of âpattern formationâ during embryogenesis?

Â· Question 86

0 out of 2 points

Based on the figure above, showing hemoglobin saturation curves under (A) normal CO₂ and (B) elevated CO₂ concentrations, which of the following conclusions is true?

Â· Question 87

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following does NOT require hemoglobin to deliver oxygen to the tissues.

Â· Question 88

0 out of 2 points

Circulatory systems compensate for _____.

Â· Question 89

0 out of 2 points

Which observation is evidence for genetic equivalence in plants or animals?

Â· Question 90

0 out of 2 points

What is the relationship between the endosperm of corn and the cotyledons of beans?

Â· Question 91

0 out of 2 points

Which factor contributes to driving the flow of water through xylem?

Â· Question 92

0 out of 2 points

According to the pressure-flow hypothesis of phloem transport, _____.

Â· Question 93

0 out of 2 points

A bicoid
loss-of-function mutant lacks a head while injection of normal Bicoid+
mRNA into the posterior end of an oocyte produces embryos with 2 heads. This indicates that the normal Bicoid+ gene function is

Â· Question 94

2 out of 2 points

A molecule that during development provides positional information via a concentration gradient is known as a

Â· Question 95

0 out of 2 points

An advantage of asexual reproduction is that it _____.

Â· Question 96

2 out of 2 points

An advantage of cross-pollination is that _____.

Â· Question 97

0 out of 2 points

When a mammalian embryo implants into the uterine wall, the embryo produces chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormone, which

Â· Question 98

0 out of 2 points

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of events for sexual reproduction in most vertebrates?

Â· Question 99

0 out of 2 points

Embryonic stem cells have advantages for research and possible therapeutic applications because

Â· Question 100

0 out of 2 points


	Plant development is different from animals because plant development

ambermarten481

BIO202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Red Blood Cell, Partial Pressure, Pulse Oximetry

Document Summary

Get access

Related textbook solutions

Molecular Cell Biology

Biology: Science for Life with Physiology

Biology

Concepts of Biology

Essentials of Biology

Related Documents

BIO202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Partial Pressure, Aquatic Animal, Gas Exchange

BIO202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Countercurrent Exchange, Silt, Perfusion

BIO202H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 2: Aquatic Animal, Mass Diffusivity, Polyphenism

Related Questions