BIO153H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 4: Linnaean Taxonomy, Willi Hennig, Paraphyly

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14 Jun 2018

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Bioology Lecture 4

Cladistics: phylogenetic systematics

• Synapomorphies provide the only evidence for identifying recent common ancestry

• only monophyletic groups are permissible in a cladistic taxonomy

• Willi Hennig 1913 – 19

• Didn’t face much antagonism

reconciling cladistics and Linnaean taxonomy

• Linnaean taxonomy is rigid – 7 hierarchical levels (defined subjectively); number of

levels in a cladistic analysis varies

• Linnaean taxonomy permits paraphyletic groups: “fish”; “reptiles”; cladistics does not

Outgroup

• Roots the tree, how you construct the tree

• Cladogram or tree

• QUESTION : neither is, appreciate where do the nodes join

• Branches join at node D

Most parsimonious tree: evolution of bipedalism less complex than evolution of placental

development.

Identified as one chsrecter, but there is a lot more to just this.

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