BIO153H5 Lecture Notes - Lecture 22: Foramen Magnum, Hominidae, Simian
7/1/2017
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Hominoids
The origins of anthropoid apes
Chapter 34.8
Great Apes
•Dierged fro old orld okeys soe 20-25 m.y.
•All possess relatively long arms, no tails, and spend most of their time
in trees.
•All apes have larger brains than other primates when compared to
body size.
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7/1/2017
2
Homonoids
•99% shared DNA with Pan.
•However, this 1% difference is significant when considering 3 billion
base pairs.
•There are 19 regulatory genes that are expressed differently between
humans and chimps.
Hominins
•Excluding chimps there are 20 extinct taxa that are more closely
related to modern humans.
•The oldest of these hominins can trace its origin back about 6.5 m.y.
•About 4.5 m.y. an early hominin (Adripithecus ramidus) exhbits a
more pronounced bipedal posture as exhibited by the placement of
the foramen magnum in the skull and the orientation of the pelvis.
number of genes play an important role. 30000 different genes determine the human behavior
Goriilas and chimps are different because humans have 46 chromosomes and chimps have the same too.
- this is because the markers are different
- human chromosome is really long ( tree tall)
- (1) different number of chromosomes isolated humans and chimps because they cant hyberdize
- (2) fertilization
Astroalpithicus
hips and framen
magnum at
different locations
than human
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7/1/2017
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Key Lineages: The Hominin Radiation
•Humans occupy a tiny twig on the tree of life, but their origins have been studied
extensively.
•The primate lineage consists of two main groups: the prosimians (“before-monkeys”) and the
anthropoids ("human-like").
•The phylogenetic tree in Figure 34.40 shows the evolutionary relationships among the
primates.
•Primates have eyes on the front of the face, hands and feet for grasping, flattened nails on
the fingers and toes, large brains, complex social behavior, and extensive parental care of
offspring.
•The lineage composed of the great apes is called the hominids. Humans are the only great
ape that is fully bipedal (“two-footed”), walking upright on two legs.
Human Diversity
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Document Summary
Great apes: di(cid:448)erged fro(cid:373) (cid:862)old (cid:449)orld(cid:863) (cid:373)o(cid:374)keys so(cid:373)e 20-25 m. y, all possess relatively long arms, no tails, and spend most of their time in trees, all apes have larger brains than other primates when compared to body size. Homonoids number of genes play an important role. 30000 different genes determine the human behavior: 99% shared dna with pan, however, this 1% difference is significant when considering 3 billion base pairs, there are 19 regulatory genes that are expressed differently between humans and chimps. Goriilas and chimps are different because humans have 46 chromosomes and chimps have the same too. This is because the markers are different. Human chromosome is really long ( tree tall) (1) different number of chromosomes isolated humans and chimps because they cant hyberdize. Humans are the only great ape that is fully bipedal ( two-footed ), walking upright on two legs. Species in the genus homo are called humans.
