MIC 4525 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Passive Immunity, Immune System, Antibody

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olivemarten871

1 Mar 2016

School

University of Ottawa

Department

Microbiology and Immunology

Course

MIC 4525

Professor

William Yan

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Document Summary

Humoral antibodies get the foreign agent directly (b cells) (bacteria and fungal infections) Sometimes can no longer find the cell, that"s why you need t cells because they can find and kill the foreign agent. Not antibodies that are important, it is the t cells that kill of the foreign bacteria. Parasites need to be in a cell to be activated (non specific immune system) skin, mucous ect (specific) antibodies & immune system. Disorders of immunity (our immune system is not perfect: allergy- our immune system over reacts. Theory in regards to nut allergies, (to many antigens) our bodies is being exposed to more antigens it has not seen before: auto immune diseases (immune system attacks itself) 3: graft rejection (reducing the immune system so it does not reject the subject ) Make antibodies (purchasing antibodies) is very expensive. Immune system will will still try to kill them.

Related Questions

QuestionGroup: #51 Innate immune 1

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What is the name of a chemical substance responsible for stimulating an immune response?

Pathogen

Rotomers

Antigen

Antibody

Troll receptor

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QuestionGroup: #52 Innate immune2

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Homework

What is the purpose of secondary metabolites produced by normal flora in your body?

To aid T cells in fighting local infection

To kill infected B cells

To help balance electrolytes

To inhibit adhesion, and growth of the certain microbes

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QuestionGroup: #53 Innate immune3

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The lysozyme removes most bacteria in our foods through the saliva in our mouth, how does it do this?

The lysozyme attacks the bacteria through the blood.

The lysozyme are not strong enough to get rid of bacteria.

The lysozyme breaks down the polysaccharide walls of different bacteria.

The lysozyme will tell your body to get rid of the bacteria by vomiting.

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QuestionGroup: #54 Adapt immune 1

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In adaptive immunology, the key component is which of the following?

Antigen trigger the the production of vaccines.

Antibodies will trigger responses in the antigen which will cause an inflamation.

Antigens trigger responses of the antibodies which will recognize the antigen.

Antibodies will be able to recognize other antibodies and destroy them.

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QuestionGroup: #55 Adapt immune2

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An autoimmune induced disorder is...?

When the body's immune system attacks a tissue or organ in the body

When the immune system is not present

When the body attacks the antigens and antibodies of the immune system

When the autonomic nervous system attacks the antigen and antibodies of the immune system

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QuestionGroup: #56 Adapt immune3

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Antibodies are also called immunoglobulins and constitute part of the blood proteins. How do antibodies work?

Agglutination-- they just clump with each other (blocking antigen)

Precipitation-- force insolubility and settled out of solution along with antigens

Complement fixation-- proteins attach to antigen surface (causing cell lysis)

Neutralization-- bind to specific sites to prevent antigen attachment

All of the above

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QuestionGroup: #57 Infectious disease

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The most deadly STD is HIV, but many other viruses can be deadly. Name the most common sexually transmitted infection.

Genital human parisis virus (GHPV)

Herpes Simplex

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

Human pappathe virus tentis (HPVT)

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QuestionGroup: #58 Infectious disease2

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Microbes have developed an array of weapons to be able to go from host to host. These virulent factors are divided into several groups, but one important group is the one produced by bacteria. Name the subgroups within this bacterial group.

Retretoxin and maitotoxin

Retretoxin and butotoxin

Endotoxins and exotoxins

Lipotoxin and exotoxin

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QuestionGroup: #59 Infectious disease3

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Sexually transmitted diseases are very successful at spreading from one person to another. Name one important reason for this fact.

Mucous membranes use B cells only and are resistant to antigens

Mucous membranes in the sex organs differ from those of the skin in that they allow certain pathogens into the body

STDs are transmitted through sex only

STDs are usually caused by viruses

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QuestionGroup: #60 HIV/ AIDS

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Homework

HIV has which of the following characteristics?

It has an enzyme called reverse transcriptase which causes the DNA to reverse the nucleotide sequence in messenger RNA.

It is a retrovirus meaning that it reverses the order of protein production in that the virus affects the DNA in the cell to make the protein.

It is an anti-retrovirus meaning that it attacks the DNA causing the development of new HIV particles.

It has a short incubation period which means that the symptoms show up also immediately after infection.

Which best describes the term "immunological disorder"?

a. An exaggerated or inadequate immune response.

b. A disorder that destroys the immune system.

c. Any genetic disease.

d. A complete lack of immune function.

e. Immune problems that cause disease but cannot be detected.

2. How would an immune deficient person react to the introduction of an antigen to their bodies, assuming the cause of the deficiency was genetic?

a. Inadequate immune response due to primary immunodeficiency.

b. Inadequate immune response due to secondary immunodeficiency.

c. Excessive immune response due to primary immunodeficiency.

d. Excessive immune response due to secondary immunodeficiency.

3. An ordinarily innocuous substance that can trigger a harmful immunological response in a sensitized person.

a. Autoimmune substance

4. Which is the best example of an Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity?

a. Clumping of red blood cells

b. Generalized inflammation

c. DiGeorge Syndrome

d. Airway restriction

e. Arthus reaction

5. Which of these is the first action that takes place during an Immediate (Type I) hypersensitivity reaction?

a. Production of plasma cells

b. IgE attachment to mast cells and basophils

c. Activation of B cells

d. Production of IgE antibodies

e. Degranulation

6. A patient has signs of allergy following a blood transfusion. Which of these hypersensitivities is being displayed?

a. Immediate (Type I)

b. Cytotoxic (Type II)

c. Immune complex (Type III)

d. Cell-mediated (Type IV)

e. Localized

7. Which of these mechanisms is NOT involved in the mechanism of Type II hypersensitivities?

a. Opsonization of cellular antigens

b. Mediation by IgG and IgM

c. Destruction of invading cells

d. Complement

e. Prostaglandin and histamine release

8. How is hemolytic disease of the unborn prevented?

a. Treatment of the infant with steroids.

b. Antihistamine administration to both mother and infant.

c. Administration of serum tests to the infant and careful monitoring.

d. Injection of the mother with anti-Rh IgG antibodies.

e. All of these choices.

9. Immune complex (Type III) hypersensitivity results from the formation of:

a. soluble/particulate antigen-complement complexes.

b. cellular antigen-antigen complexes.

c. soluble/particulate antibody-antibody complexes.

d. cellular antibody-antibody complexes.

e. soluble/particulate antigen-antibody complexes.

10. A local immune response to an antigenic substance (usually injected) that causes edema and hemorrhage is known as _____.

a. serum sickness

b. Arthus reaction

c. hemolytic disease of the newborn

d. hemolytic uremic syndrome

e. generalized anaphylaxis

11. One form of Cell-Mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity that involves phagocytes capturing but failing to kill pathogens, so a mass of cells forms around the pathogens, is:

a. Atopy

b. Tuberculin hypersensitivity

c. Disseminated intravascular coagulation

d. Granulomatous hypersensitivity

e. Serum sickness

12. Cell-mediated hypersensitivity is often referred to as a "delayed" hypersensitivity because reactions may take _____ to develop.

a. less than one hour

13. Which of these takes place during a Cell-Mediated (Type IV) hypersensitivity reaction?

a. Release of cytokines.

b. IgE attachment to mast cells and basophils.

c. Release of histamine and heparin.

d. Activation of complement.

e. Activation of B cells.

14. This type of disorder arises from a hypersensitivity to self antigenson cells and in tissues.

15. This occurs when the immune system responds to a body component as if it were foreign.

16. Which of the following would be considered an organ-specific autoimmune disorder?

a. Osteoarthritis

b. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

c. Hemolytic disease of the newborn

d. Rheumatic fever

e. DiGeorge Syndrome

17. Under which circumstances is an organ transplant most likely to succeed?

a. If recipient T cells become sensitized to the graft.

b. If patient complement binds to graft cells.

c. If immunosupression therapy is avoided.

d. If the graft has the same histocompatibility antigens as the recipient.

e. If plasma cells proliferate in response to the graft.?

18. Which of the following would be typical of a Type IV sensitivity to a drug?

a. A nurse develops contact dermatitis from frequent contact with Betadine.

b. A patient has a generalized anaphylaxis to intravenous Rocephin.

c. IgG and IgM are produced in a patient due to administration of sulfonamides.

d. Serum sickness develops after a patient has multiple exposures to penicillin.

19. A 40 year old patient examined in an emergency department presents with fatigue, wasting, and diarrhea. Tests show a very low helper T cell level, and an endoscopy shows loss of Peyerâs patches in the colon. What is the most likely diagnosis?

a. Chronic Epstein-Barre infection

b. DiGeorge Syndrome

c. Agammaglobinemia

d. HIV/AIDS

e. Guillian-Barre Syndrome

20. This test, often coupled with a Western blot, utilizes enzymes that produce a colored compound if the antigen or antibody of interest is present.

a. Complement fixation test

b. Immunoelectrophoresis

c. Precipitin test

d. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

e. Immunofluorescence

goldbat748

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging is a tool that has been very useful in identifying what parts of the brain do what. Scientists can have a person perform some particular activity and then look for active areas in the brain. How does fMRI work?

	A.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to electricity levels. The more electrical current in the area, the more active it is.
	B.	It takes a picture of the inside of the brain according to blood flow. More blood flow indicates more activity in that area.
	C.	It takes images of thin layers of the brain and the more electrical activity in a layer, the more magnetic it is and this shows up in fMRI.
	D.	Electrodes attached to the skull can trigger activity in particular brain areas which then trigger a person to perform certain behaviors.
	E.	It takes a picture of the brain according to oxygen levels. More oxygen in an area indicates more activity in that area.

The strategy of vaccination to fight diseases uses what type of immunity?

	A.	Non-specific immunity
	B.	Cell-mediated immunity
	C.	Natural immunity
	D.	Specific immunity
	E.	Passive immunity

If you came into contact with Vibrio, what defense do you have to keep it from even getting to your intestines?

	A.	Your skin is an effective barrier against bacteria you come in contact with.
	B.	Antimicrobial enzymes in saliva
	C.	Acid in the stomach
	D.	Mucous membranes in the digestive and respiratory tract
	E.	All of the above

What do B cells do when they identify a pathogen?

	A.	Engulf and eat it
	B.	Kill it
	C.	Produce antigens to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	D.	Produce antibodies to bind to the pathogen and memory cells to guard against future infection.
	E.	Engage helper T cells to fight the infection

There are chemical signals that call on non-infected cells to help fight a virus. Which are they?

	A.	Complement proteins
	B.	Macrophages
	C.	B cells
	D.	Interferons
	E.	Natural killer cells

When someone gets a bone marrow transplant, they have to be quarantined and carefully protected from pathogens for a period of time afterward. Why?

	A.	Bone marrow produces the main cells involved in the specific immune response, so these patients are at special risk of infection until they build up enough marrow to produce sufficient cells.
	B.	Bone marrow produces blood cells, so they have insufficient circulation for a period of time so their immune system lacks the energy to fight off any infection.
	C.	Anytime a foreign substance, even someone else's bone marrow, is introduced to a body, there is an extra risk of infection.
	D.	A common complication of bone marrow transplants is infection, and doctor's don't want the infection to spread to others.
	E.	It's a traumatic procedure, and any extra stress on their body could kill them.

MIC 4525 Lecture Notes - Lecture 3: Passive Immunity, Immune System, Antibody

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