HSS 1100 Lecture Notes - Lecture 9: Epstein–Barr Virus, Attenuated Vaccine, Infectious Mononucleosis
29 Apr 2018
School
Department
Course
Professor
Viruses pt 2
VIRUSES CAUSING GLANDULAR ENLARGEMENT
Mumps
• Contagious disease of childhood caused by a virus
• Inflammation of the parotid glands and bilateral swelling
• Complications: Meningitis, Orchitis (that can lead to sterility), Oophoritis/Ovaritis
• Spread by salivary and respiratory secretions
• Common in CHILDREN
• PREVENTION: MMR vaccine given at the age of 1 (live, attenuated)
*Treatment is difficult for viruses: drug is expensive, and most of the drugs have serious side effects
*Don’t neessaril need to vainate everone s the ones not vainated are indiretl safe as the
people surrounding them have been vaccinated and will not be able to spread it to them!
Infectious mononucleosis (Mono) Epstein-Barr Virus
• Herpes virus family (Epstein-Barr virus)
o Kissing disease Transmitted by saliva
• Symptoms: Lymphadenopathy, fever, soar throat, lymphocytosis, often enlargement of the liver
and spleen
• Often misdiagnosed
o Similar to flu like symptoms: fever, sore throat
o Mild disease most often in children or young adults that may be prolonged or
debilitating/weakening
o Establishes a latent infection
▪ May reactivate to either chronic disease (rare) or asymptomatic shedding
(common) for lifetime of host
• Diagnosis
o Blood picture: INC in atypical lymphocytes
o Monospot Test: Detect RBC agglutination, based on antibody response in which EBV
induces the production of a wide range of antibodies one of which acts as a
hemagglutinin
o Presence of EBV antigens
• NO VACCINE
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
• Belongs to the Herpesvirus group
• Normally asymptomatic & latent
• High risk individuals:
o Pregnant women:
▪ Neonatal infection with jaundice, enlarged liver and spleen, mental retardation,
and motor disorders.
o Transplant patients: Can cause transplant rejection
o AIDS, immunocompromised patients (MOST AT RISK)
▪ Cause ulcerations of the GI tract and retinitis
• Diagnosis
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
o Isolate the virus from urine, blood, organ
o CMV antigen detection
o Serology screening for donors and recipients before transplant
• TREATMENT: antivirals
o Used for high risk patients
• NO VACCINE
o Prevention: Match CMV immune status b/w donor and recipient in transplants,
preventative administration of antivirals, universal precautions to prevent transmission
HEPATITIS VIRUSES
• Hepatitis = inflammation of the liver
o Accompanied by malaise, fever, nausea, loss of appetite and jaundice caused by
hepatitis virus
• Hep A & B most common & most problematic
o C, E,G less common
• Other viruses can cause hepatitis as a complication of infection…
o Epstein Barr viruses (mono), cytomegalovirus, varicella-zoster, yellow virus fever
• DIAGNOSIS: looking for antibodies within the patient (serology)
Hep A
• COMMON: children & young adults, occurs as sporadic cases or small epidemics
• TRANSMISSION: fecal-oral transmission
o Incubation is 15-50 days
o Mild or inapparent infection in children
o No chronic hepatitis
o Life-long immunity
▪ Can only be infected once
• DIAGNOSIS:
o Detection of lgM antibodies for clinical cases
o Detection of lgG antibodies for detection of immunity (before traveling abroad)
• PREVENTION
o Vaccine for high risk populations
o Commercial gammaglobulins, good for preventing hepatitis shortly after exposure
• VACCINE AVAILABLE
Hep B
• Sporadic cases, at all ages
• TRANSMISSON: Blood or blood contaminated products, saliva, urine, semen
o Incubation is 90 days
o Carriers
o Infective serum 30-60 days before onset of symptoms
• More SEVERE than Hep A
• Chronic hepatitis and chronic-carrier state
• DIAGNOSIS: blood tests for HepB surface antigens, Antibodies are produced several months
after onset of symptoms ut don’t appear in arriers
o Used as markers of infection and immunity
find more resources at oneclass.com
find more resources at oneclass.com
11
HSS 1100 Full Course Notes
Verified Note
11 documents
Document Summary
*treatment is difficult for viruses: drug is expensive, and most of the drugs have serious side effects. *don"t ne(cid:272)essaril(cid:455) need to va(cid:272)(cid:272)inate ever(cid:455)one (cid:271)(cid:272)s the ones not va(cid:272)(cid:272)inated are indire(cid:272)tl(cid:455) safe as the people surrounding them have been vaccinated and will not be able to spread it to them! Hep a: common: children & young adults, occurs as sporadic cases or small epidemics, transmission: fecal-oral transmission. Hep b: sporadic cases, at all ages, transmisson: blood or blood contaminated products, saliva, urine, semen. Hep c: transmission: blood and sexual contact. Initially mild without jaundice but can become chronic hepatitis: prevention: similar to hepb with safe practices (no needle sharing, etc, no vaccine, treatment recombinant interferon and ribavarin. Hep delta agent: transmission: blood and sexually. Incubation: 15-64 days: viroid-type agent, can"t multiply without having hepb present in the same cell. Increases the severity of hep b infection: diagnosis: serology, prevention: vaccination against hep b.
